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題 名 | 公共退休金制度之發展變遷暨其省思=Developing Trends of and Policy Implication on Public Pension System |
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作 者 | 王靜怡; | 書刊名 | 經社法制論叢 |
卷 期 | 27 2001.01[民90.01] |
頁 次 | 頁33-57 |
分類號 | 556.83 |
關鍵詞 | 公共退休金; 社會保險; 社會安全; Public pension; Social insurance; Social security; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 公共退休金制度自第二次世界大戰後蓬勃發展以來,歷經了1970年代中期的石油危機及布列敦森林制度的崩潰等國際經濟衝擊,再加上邇來的人口高齡化壓力,已面臨了嚴重的赤字威脅,因之,各國自1970年代中期起即開始一連串縮減公共退休金支出的措施,冀望藉此來減輕公共退休金的財務負擔。惟1981年智利將個人退休金帳戶導入公共退休金之措施,開啟了公共退休金走向個人化、民營化之自由經濟理念的肇瑞,也讓其他國家多了一種解決公共退休金財務危機方式的思考向方,而展開了「確定給付制」與「確定提撥制」間的正反論辯。基本上確定給付制與確定提撥制均會面對著一些共同的風險,然而其中人口高齡化及通貨膨艱雖均是無可避免之衝擊,但也有歸於平穩之時日,剩下的惟有人為的政治風險,是無時無刻蓄意存在的。因之,不論是確定給付制或確定提撥制,均有其適用之主客觀社經條件,並無絕對的優劣之別,而應是有有賴各國在其本身的國家條件下,摒除政治成見來建立起適合各國之多層次的公共退休金制度,以求在分散制度風險的前提下,摒除政治成見來建立起適合各國之多層次的公共退休金制度,以求在分散制度的風險的前提下將制度的既定資源做一較佳之配置。 |
英文摘要 | After the World WarⅡ, he public pension system had grown up prosperously for several decades. However, from the mid of 1970s, some international economic changes such as the oil crisis and the collapse of the Breeton Woods System, combining with the population aging stress, had made the public pension fall into the stress of financial crisis. Under such circumstances, the countries adopted some retrenchment methods to reduce the expenditure of public pension system, but at the same time, the Chile made a revolutionary change to convert the pay-as-you-go defined benefit public pension system in to the mandatory individual retirement account (defined contribution), that is, introducing the public pension system into a new developing way to individualism concept. After then, other began to think bout the individual ism of the public pension system and made some debate between the two different concepts of defined benefit and defined contribution. In fact, no matter defined benefit or defined contribution will all face some common risks including population aging, inflation and political intervention. Among these risks, population aging and inflation are in inevitable but have their ending days, and only the political risk is the real inevitable and artificially manipulated risk. Accordingly, there is no absolute pro and con between defined benefit and defined contribution, and these two systems have their own fitting conditions. Under changing circumstances, the public pension system has to be multi-tries to diversify different risks, but there is no "ideal structure" of the public pension system. in this way, every country has to evaluate its own conditions in spite of the political intervention to adopt the most fitting structure of its own public pension system, and in order to allocate the system resources effectively. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。