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題 名 | 日本近代思潮與教育中的社會倫理問題--一個初步的考察=The Issue of Social Ethics in the Thought and Education of Meiji Japan: A Preliminary Investigation |
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作 者 | 陳弱水; | 書刊名 | 新史學 |
卷 期 | 11:4 2000.12[民89.12] |
頁 次 | 頁65-103 |
分類號 | 195 |
關鍵詞 | 近代日本思想; 社會道德; 社會倫理; 公德; 文明開化; 近代東亞比較歷史; Modern Japanese thought; Social ethics; Public morality; Kotoku; Bummei kaika; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文的目的在探考社會倫理意識在明治日本的醞釀與確立。日本從十九世紀中葉,開始了向西方學習的運動,他們稱此為「文明開化」。這說法意謂,西方並不只是另一類人群或國度,它代表了一個超越的理想──文明。明治維新的目標是以此理想為標準,進行自我改造,而不僅僅在找尋抵抗強權的途徑。因此,除了富國強兵,日本的領導階層也追求生活習慣和道德價值的改變,社會倫理的問題因而出現在日本的歷史舞臺。明治初期的日本並沒有明確的社會倫理念,但這個觀念所包含的議題和意識,已經顯露在文明開化政策的某些方面。到明治十、二十年代,有關社會倫理的討論開始出現,但相當零?。在這段時期,公德觀念逐漸成為儉表社會倫理意識的主要標誌。在十九、二十世紀之交,特別是明治三十四年(1901),日本出現了討論和宣揚公德的熱潮。這個潮流把社會倫理的價值明確注入日本文化,終而導致日本道德心靈版圖的一大變化。本文末粑並從近代東亞比較歷史的觀點,反思文明開化式的教化與文化變遷的特質。 |
英文摘要 | The purpose of this work is to examine the rise of the value of social ethics in modern Japan. Around the time of the Meiji Restoration (1868), Japan started a momentous movement of learning from the West, which was named by its proponents as bummei kaika ("civilization and enlightenment"). In this conception, the West represents more than another people or socio-political realm; it stand also for a transcendent ideal-civilization. Emulating the West is to be civilized. The program of bummei kaika thus included reforms in moral values and social customs. As a result, the issue of social ethics appeared in the thought and education of modern Japan. NO clear notions of social ethics existed at the beginning of the Meiji era. Yet, related issues and norms already appeared. In the 1880s and 1890s, though scarce and poorly formulated, formal discussions of social morality came into being. During this period, kotoku (literally "public morality") was gradually adopted as a main concept representing the value of social ethics. At the turn of the twentieth century, particularly in 1901, came a major wave of expounding and promulgating the idea of kotoku. By all indications, this current successfully established social ethics as an important value in the Japanese consciousness, and this is no small change in the history of East Asian moral thought. At the end of this paper, the author uses the case of social ethics to illustrate the different features of cultural change in modern china and Japan. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。