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題名 | Current Perspectives on Chinese Medicines and Dietary Supplements in China, Japan and the United States=大陸、日本及美國有關中藥與膳食補充品之現況 |
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作者 | 李國雄; 王惠康; 系川秀治; | 書刊名 | 藥物食品分析 |
卷期 | 8:4 2000.12[民89.12] |
頁次 | 頁219-228 |
分類號 | 413.95 |
關鍵詞 | 中藥; 草藥; 膳食補充品; 新藥開發; Chinese medicine; Medicinal herbs; Dietary supplements; Drug discovery; Drug development; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 值此人類進入二十一世紀之際,中藥及其他傳統醫學療法已越來越受世人重視,各種植物草藥製品已被各國民眾廣泛接受。期盼用以改善生活品質、預防疾病、治療慢性病和老年病、以及西醫束手無策的疑難雜症。 中國大陸五十餘年來對於整理,發掘與提高中醫藥遺產不遺餘力,並取得了長足的進步。其政府當局設立了中醫藥管理局,頒布了一系列政策法規以推進中醫藥的發展,編撰了各種大型中藥典籍,從中草藥中研發出許多具有獨特療效的新藥。目前大陸方面正抓緊實施GAP、GCP、GLP、和GMP等國際規範,以爭取有更多優秀的中藥產品能打入國際市場。 美國自1994 年制定了膳食補充品健康與教育法案後,放鬆了對草藥的管制,含中草藥之製品作為膳食補充品暢銷於大小超市、藥房及保健品之專賣店。此外,美國許多著名之大學與醫學院校也紛紛設立了替代醫學研究中心。 日本自隋唐年間從中國引入中醫藥後,經歷代醫家之傳承,發展成自具特色的漢方醫學或和漢藥。現代臨床用藥少用抓方煎煮並限於納入健保支付的210 種處方。患者則服用以現代技術加工而成的顆粒劑,膠囊等為主,在品質上較能有保證。近年來流行於歐美的各種膳食補充品也在日本風糜一時。 從中藥開發新穎、有效、安全且高品質的新樂以及膳食補充品的前景十分光明。從中藥中開發新藥最終可通過三條途徑:生物活性純化合物、活性部位、和有效處方。必須採用現代科學技術,建立生物和化學指標來進行品質控制與產品標準化以確保其有效性與安全性,並進行必要的臨床試驗。簡言之,可歸納為:以GAP規範栽培種植中藥材,以GMP規範從事中成藥加工製造,以GLP規範實施品質控制與產品標準化,和以GCP規範進行臨床試驗與療效驗證。 |
英文摘要 | Chinese and other herbal medicines are being used increasingly by the general populations in both Eastern and Western countries, particularly as dietary supplements in the latter, to relieve and treat many different human diseases. By applying advanced scientific technology, herbal medicine can serve as a unique, fundamental basis for modern drug discovery and development. Herbal medicine must be researched and modernized in order to assure safety and efficacy, to provide qualitative and quantitative analyses for dietary supplements, and to develop new, effective, and safe world-class drugs. This drug design process is an iterative process of bioactivity-directed fractionation and isolation of natural lead compounds, chemical modification and improvement through structure-activity relationship, mechanism of action, drug metabolism, molecular modeling, and combinatorial chemistry studies, as well as efficacy and toxicity determination and clinical trials. From these studies, new drugs can be continuously generated from Chinese medicine. Importantly, now and in the future, not only bioactive lead compounds, but also active fractions and active prescriptions, must be investigated to continue the legacy of Chinese medicine for drug development in the 21st century. Such current perspectives and examples of herbal medicines and new drug development in China, Japan, the US, and other countries are illustrated in this paper. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。