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題 名 | 美國的學校教育中文化的深層意義與特性之研究=A Study of the Deep Meaning and Characteristics of Culture in American Schooling |
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作 者 | 黃文三; | 書刊名 | 教育研究 |
卷 期 | 8 2000.06[民89.06] |
頁 次 | 頁1-13 |
分類號 | 541.2、541.2 |
關鍵詞 | 文化多元論; 民主多元論; 島國性多元論; 結構性多元論; Cultural pluralism; Democratic pluralism; Insular pluralism; Structural pluralism; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 依據Barrett(1984)的界定文化為“在任何人類社會中的成員所共同享有的習得之信仰、傳統、方針等行為的綜合體”。因此,文化的規範中心理層面、社會層面及精神層面等各方面有系統且錯綜複雜的整合,形成了人類存在的本質。這樣一種文化連結的存在,讓我們很難去了解自己或是他人的文化。想要克服這種困難,其中的一種方法是經由檢視一個國家的文化中某些層面,來客觀的審視文化。基於此,本研究的目的在探討美國文化的深層意義與特性,藉供教育改革的參考。 美國的移民在不同的時期,從世異各個不同的角落湧入美國。每個不同種族的固有文化都包括有主要的意識型態和相關聯的信念與價值觀,這樣的深層結構。在一九九○年代即將邁入廿一世紀的時候,美國的文化多元論提倡的理論是社會當中多種的文化得以並存,各個文化同時維持清晰的身分,並且共享有平等的社經地位和政治地位。因此,新的多元論是要代表一種較理想的民主,能夠採用更多的平等過程,去建立能夠被納入在國家文化裡的價值觀的和實務。此種美國的多元論在一九九○年代可說是一個轉捩點,可促使我們對教育重新思考與反省。 |
英文摘要 | Barrett (1994) defined culture as "the body of learned beliefs, traditions, and guides for behavior that are shared among members of any human society". Thus, the systemic and complex integration of cultural norms into the psychological, sociological, and spiritual make up of human beings contributes to a culture-bound existence that renders it difficult to understand one's own culture as well as that of others. One approach to overcoming this situation is to objectify culture by critical examination of specific aspects of the national culture. Thus, this study aims to research the deep meaning and characteristics of American culture so as to provide a reference point for educational reform. Ethnic groups living in the United States emigrated from different parts of the world during different time periods. The original culture of each ethnic group had a deep structure that included primary ideologies and interrelated beliefs and values. During the 1990s and into the twenty-first century, American cultural pluralism is a theory advocating a society where in multiple cultures coexist by maintaining distinct identities, yet sharing equal social, economic, and political status. Thus, the new pluralism was to represent a more democratic ideal in which more egalitarian processes would be employed to establish values and practices for the common good that could be included in a national culture. This American cultural pluralism to make the 1990s a turning point in the way we rethink and review for educational reform. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。