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題 名 | 完全混合日糧(TMR)調製餵飼設備本土化及小香腸式青貯機示範研究=Improvement of the TMR Equipment and Small Silo-press Machinery |
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作 者 | 黃清旺; 郭鳳瑞; 成游貴; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷 期 | 1:2 2000.04[民89.04] |
頁 次 | 頁197-210 |
分類號 | 437.195 |
關鍵詞 | 完全混合日糧調製餵飼機; 小香腸式青貯機; 農產副產物; Total mixed ration machine; Small silo-press machine; Agricultural by-products; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 完全混合日糧(Total Mixed Ration,TMR)調製餵飼機本土化之研究,主要目的在於機型的國產化並建立合理的投料順序與作業方式,使混合日糧達到均勻,以提供酪農作業參考。由試製完成之混合機測試,一般投料順序安排的原則是,(1) 流動性較佳者(纖維性物料:依序為已細斷的青割草、青貯料)(2)粒度較小者(粉狀物料:精料、微量元素) (3) 含水率較低者(如乾草、青稈,入料時採漸次放入方式並確知預切長度在10公分以內為佳) (4) 低粘稠性者(青貯玉米) (5) 高粘稠性者(啤酒粕)。依上述原則測試分析TMR均勻度結果,各項的變異係數CP 3.9%、Ca 7.8%、Na 9.5%、K 9.8%、Mg 3.4%,均在10%以內,此顯示欲得到均勻平衡的日糧,調製TMR較合宜的投料順序為狼尾草-1、精料與苜蓿粒、青貯玉米-1、百慕達乾草、狼尾草 -2、青貯玉米-2、苜蓿乾草、青貯玉米-3、啤酒粕、青貯玉米-4、糖蜜等。且應根據原料屬性的差異及地區性原料作適當的調整。 青貯料製作方面,以青貯槽為容器調製牧草或農副產品,失敗率高,品質不穩定,容器所引起的損失高達28%,利用已開發小型香腸式青貯裝填機,持續進行對不同副產物與牧草青貯調製,青貯料品質依Flieg's氏脂肪酸組成評點標準,都在七十分以上,損失率在3%以下。所開發之青貯用PE袋,外白內黑抗紫外線,平均厚度為 0.17mm,最大拉伸力為104.9N,變形拉伸仍維持穩定的承受力到無限而變薄。每公噸青貯料所需的PE青貯袋成本為60元。綜合本試驗結果,小型香腸式青貯裝填機,適合於現階段經營規模較小之酪農戶與規模較大養羊農戶。 |
英文摘要 | Total Mixed Ration (TMR) has been often used in the dairy management recently. Most of the TMR machinery are imported and are not very suitable for domestic use in Taiwan. The objectives of this study are to develop a machine suitable for application and to establish an optimal operating process that could provide an uniform distribution of feed. The feeding arrangement is suggested as the following sequences: chopped fresh forage, material which small particle size, stuffs with lower moisture, lower adhesive stuffs and higher adhesive stuffs. According to the test results, the component variances of TMR uniformity are 3.9% for CP, 7.8% for Ca, 9.5% for Na, 9.8% for K, 3.4% for Mg, all are within 10%. If this procedures are adopted, the optimal operating process shoule be in the sequences of napiergrass-1, concentrate and alfalfa pellets, cornsilage-1, Bermudagrass hay, napiergrass-2, cornsilage-2, alfalfa hay, cornsilage-3, brewer's grains, cornsilage-4, molasses, etc. Besides, how to make a good silage before TMR preparation is very important in the dairy herd management. The high silage loss (about 28%) occured when the traditional bunker-silo using forage and agricultural by-products was utilized in ensilage. In this study, a new PE bag is also developed for ensilage. By using the new silo-press machinery, the quality of silage was above 70 points out of 100 on Fileg's index and the silage loss was lower than 3%. It shows that the silo-press is a better machinery for ensilage. The PE bag with black inside color and white outside color which can resist ultraviolet ray is also developed. The average bag thickness is 0.17mm and maximum stretch force is 104.9N. The cost of PE bag is around NT60 per ton of silage stored. Therefore, the silo-press machinery should be more suitable for the silage preparation on a small farm. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。