頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 論農業推廣工作人員之訓練=The Training of Agricultural Extension Worker |
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作 者 | 廖季清; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷 期 | 20 民46.12 |
頁 次 | 頁88-89 |
關鍵詞 | 農業推廣工作人員; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 農業推廣工作之成功,需具備五要素,一為簡明準確的目標,二為健全有力的組織,三為良好有效的方法,四為完善充足的計劃與預算,五為合格優秀的人才,五者之中,尤以人才之培養及訓練為首要,本文係對此點予以論述。 最基層之推廣人員為義務指導員,是志願以部分時間從事於推廣服務工作者,去年美國達1,200,000人,我國目前四健會之義務指導員亦達三千人,在鄉(鎮市),縣(市局),省(市)及中央則有各級專職之農業推廣工作人員。若以工作性質言,則可分為推廣行政人員,如各級推廣機構之主管;推廣教育人員,為直接指導農民之推廣員;推廣新聞人員,為設計及編製推廣工作所需資料之人員;推廣技術專家,為具有專門技術如畜禽、作物、病蟲害、土壤肥料、營養、衛生、烹調、縫紉等之專家。若以工作對象言,則又可分為農事推廣人員,其對象為成年農民;家事推廣人員,其對象為家庭主婦;青年推廣(四健推廣)人員,其對象為男女青少年。ㄧ個國家欲求農業推廣教育工作全面平衡的發展,必需對各類推廣人員統籌予以有計劃的長期培養訓練,而後同心協力,並肩工作,始能收到廣大而深厚的效果。 我國對於農業推廣人員之訓練,迄未有統一之計劃及政策,各級機構各行其是,既耗人力財力,亦復事倍功半,茲建議管見於下,以就正於先進。 一、高等教育,應設立農業推廣系,家政系及專科學校以作育有志於農業推廣工作之高級人才,其課程可由教育部聘請專家教授擬定之。其入學資格以農村青年為主。 二、中等教育,農業職業學校可選修農業推廣課程。女生除家事職業學校外,若就讀其中等學校亦可授以家事基本課程。以作育中級以下之推廣人才。 三、推廣人員就業前應予以甄別試驗,以選拔良才。 四、推廣人員經錄取後,在實地工作前應予以嚴格訓練,必須瞭解當地之農業概況,農家生活習慣,農村社會經濟之問題,推廣政策、規程、計劃、方法及民生方式等。若能先分發與有經驗之推廣人員共同工作短時間,則更可勝任愉快。 五、推廣人員應迎頭趕上時代,故在職中亦需經常訓練,以檢討其工作成效及困難,並授予新知識、新技術、新方法,以不斷改進其工作。 六、中央及各省應成立農業推廣人員訓練中心,可附設於農學院或試驗所,並組織訓練委員會及主持其事,負責訓練各級推廣專業人員。各改良場農業或家事職業學校則可附設短期訓練班以訓練農業推廣基層指導人員。過去此類訓練多在機關會議場所舉行,既缺乏設備,又常邀請不必要之人員致詞,效果殊少。今後應儘量利用改良場,試驗所,職業學校之人才,場地設備以辦理以辦理此種短期講習,收效必大。最近臺灣省立臺南農校計劃創設一年制之農村青年技藝訓練班,以培養農業推廣地方領袖人才,用意良善。 七、學校教育偏重書本知識與理論,而農業推廣教育則著重現場實際問題之解決及生活需要之供應,故教訓之方法自有不同。推廣人員之訓練應儘量採用小組討論、示範、展覽、鑑別、視助及團體活動等教學法,而避免演講式。 八、農業推廣人員之訓練需教育與農事或家事並重,收效乃宏。 農業推廣人員乃農民家庭、農村社會之導師,較學校教師之工作更辛勞艱巨,既需懷有孔子有教無類之教育精神,亦需具備實事求是之科學精神,且需學習啟發勸導之民主精神,更需發揮謙和容忍之合作精神,再加以教不倦,學不厭之態度,則推廣教育自能達到預期之效果也。 |
英文摘要 | The five necessities of successful agricultural extension work are: (1) Clear objectives (2) Strong organization (3) Scientific method (4) Effective plan and sufficient funds (5) High qualified personnel. The training of personnel is the most important factor. There are several kinds of agricultural extension workers, such as extension administrators, extension educators, extension information workers, extension subject matter specialists and voluntary local leaders. If we divide according the opposite party of farm family, there are farm extension workers with adult farmers, 4-H workerswith youth, and home economists with women. It is neccessary working out an effective and long period program for training all these extension workers. In our country we don't have an overall plan and policy for the training of agricultural extension workers. Some suggestions are made by the writer as follow: 1. To set up agricultural extension department in the university or college, or to establish agricultural extension junior college. 2. Having some agricultural entension course in Vocational Agricultural schools and home economics course in other secondary schools for girls students besides home economics vocational schools. 3. Wise selection of extension personnel is very important. 4. Pre-service training such as extension policy, law, plan method democratic procedure, farm living, agricultural condition, social and economic problems ... are neccessary. 5. In order to keep up-to-date with the application of new knowledge, skill, method, extension workers need constant training to improve their work. 6. To establish national, provincial and hsien extension workers training center, attach to agricultural college, research institute vocational schools or experiment station. To organize training committees in charge of the training of all agricultural extension profession workers. 7. Extension edcation is different from school education, so different teaching method such as group discussion, method and result demonstration, judging, exhibit, and visual aids, etc. should be used. 8. Agricultural extension workers should be accepted training on both education and agriculture or home economics. Agricultural extension workers are teachers of farm families and rural community. They have biggest challenge than school teacher, not only need Confucius great educational spirt, but also need scietific, democratic and cooperative spirit to meet with amazing success. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。