頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 霧庄與翠峰牧野改良墾植及禾豆草混植方法之初步試驗--臺灣草原墾闢方法之研究(3)=Preliminary Experiments on the Methods of Planting and Combinations of Grass-legume Mixture for the Development of Natural Pasture on Two Different Altitudes of Mountain-land at Wu-She and Tsui-Fun, Taiwan--Studies on the Methods of Reclamation and Establishment of Grassland(3) |
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作 者 | 王啟柱; 許金生; 蔡瑞瓊; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷 期 | 61 民57.03 |
頁 次 | 頁37-59 |
關鍵詞 | 牧野改良墾殖; 霧社; 禾豆草混植; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
英文摘要 | Two experiments were carried out at altitudes of 1,500 meters in Wu-she and 2,400 metres in Tsui-fun, during 1962-1963. Besides the natural grasses and legumes, four cultivated grasses used in the experiments were Kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum), Napier (Pennisetum purpureum), Italia ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne); four cultivated legumes, red clover (Trifolium pratense), Ladino clover (Trifolium repens, var.), kudzu (Pueraria thunbergiana) and tropical kudzu (Pueraria phaseoloides). These species were used to make the four combinatios of mixture: kikuyu×clovers, ryegrasses×clovers, Napier × kudzus, and kudzus (associated with natural miscanthus). Six methods of planting used were planting after burning, planting after over-grazing or close-cutting, interplanting the gaps after cutting, furrow-planting after cutting, planting after land clearing and burning, and control, natural vegetation without planting. They were designed to test the adatability and productivity of the grasses and legumes and their mixtures by two-fold split-plots using six methods of planting as whole plot, four combinations of grass-legume mixtures as mid plot, and two liming and fertilization treatments as small plots. The plot sizes for the whole, mid and small plots were 320 sq. metres, 80 sq. meters and 40 sq. metres respectively. The whole plot was designed primarily for goat grazing, and the latter two for measurement of forage yields by sampling. Three replications were used. The highest altitude limit for growing Napier grass and tropical kudzu in Taiwan is 1,000-1,500m., for Kikuyu and thunbergiana kudzu around 1,500m., for Italian ryegrass and red clover 1,500-2,500m., and for perennial ryegrass and Ladino clover around 2,500m.. Climate and soil are two limiting factors for growing forage crops and pastures at high altitudes on hill land. An unusual drought in May, 1962, at Wushe, retarded the germination and growth not only of the cuttings of Napier and thunbergiana kudzu, but also of some small seeded trifolium clovers and ryegrasses, especially on the steep slope land with shallow topsoil derived from fine slate gravels, and with low water-holding capacity. The only exception was where seed or cuttings were planted in rows or furrows. Low temperatures shortened the growing period of pasture grasses and legumes at Tsui-fun, where the average temperature from November to April was below 14℃. It was below 10℃ from December to January. Climatic conditions were more favourable at Wu-she, where the average temperature fell below 24℃ only in January. Miscanthus japonious and M. sinensis are two predominant natural grasses, and are wide-spread over the mountainous lands. Although they were unsatisfactory as cover-grasses for soil conservation purpose due to their bunch-type growth habit, yet the erosion of the topsoil is much reduced under heavy rainfalls, particularly where slope was steep. However, on most of the reclaimed land on which miscanthus is the natural grass cover, the soil is very poor. It is suggested that the miscanthus should not be weeded out thoroughly before the establishment of improved pastures. To make use of these grasses as natural plant cover in primary stage and to introduce in some desirable grasses and legumes would be a safe and economical way of initiating any pasture improvement programme. The improved grasses and legumes were associated with natural miscanthus, some other grasses and legumes, and even weedy plants. Their average percentage of plant cover on the plots of different methods of planting, vis, planting after burning, planting after close-cutting instead of close-grazing, furrow-planting after cutting, and planting after land clearing and burning were 17.4% (grasses)~11.8% (legumes), 13.5%~11.8%, 12.2%~7.9%, 13.5%~16.7% and 19.5%~11.5% respectively, six months after planting. No weeding was carried out after the improved grasses and legumes were planted. Owing to the wide adaptation and vigorous growth habit, miscanthus was the best yielder, and also a dominant producing factor in the combination of grasslegume mixture. The forage yield on all of the trial plots at Tsui-fun measured at the end of next year, was significantly less than that from the check plot (the natural vegetation), but differences were not significant at Wu-she, where all plots were grazed once, a few months before harvest. The effct of liming and fertilization at Tsui-fun and Wu-she was dependent upon rainfall, which not only allowed the seeds and cuttings to germinate well and make vigorous growth, but also made the lime and fertilizer available to the plants. In Tsui-fun, the effect was very significant, the lime plus fertilizer plots yielding 19.5% more forage than the check plots, but in Wu-she, the differences between treatments did not reach the significant level. According to the two-year observation, among the methods of reclaiming and planting, planting after burning might be used in winter to early spring seasons, while planting after close-grazing instead of close cutting could be used in any growing season. In regard to planting materials, seeding is more desirable and practical than planting of cuttings. On some poor eroded hilly lands, better germination would be expected when furrow-drilling is used rather than broadcasting. From the four combinations of grass-legume mixture, the only combination which can be recommended, so far, is the ryegrasses-clovers, of which Italian ryegrass-Ladino clover adapted better on the mountain-land at elevations of 1,000~1,500m., while the perennial ryegrass would be more promising than Italian ryegrass in combination with Ladino clover at higher elevation. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。