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題名 | 臺灣甘蔗之蒸發散量與需水量=Evapotranspiration and Water Requirements of Sugar Cane in Taiwan |
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作者姓名(中文) | 張灝; 王俊信; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷期 | 61 民57.03 |
頁次 | 頁23-36 |
關鍵詞 | 蒸發散量; 需水量; 甘蔗; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 全期平均甘蔗蒸發散量在黏壤土約為4.24mm/日,在砂壤土約為4.73mm/日,在砂土約為5.36mm/日。據4年期試驗結果平均,在砂土及黏壤土最高?甘蔗蒸發散量各為6月之8.09mm/日及7.04mm/日;最低?各為12月之3.18mm/日及2.22mm/日。甘蔗需水量之季節的變化,以甘蔗蒸發散量與6呎高置A型盆面蒸發量之比PR表示,由最初期幼蔗之PR0.4至蔗葉蔽覆土面生長最旺盛期之PR1.0~1.8,由自動灌溉水量加計有效雨量可能為超過PR1.0之主要原因。全期平均之甘蔗蒸發散量比,黏壤土約為PR1.0,砂土約為PR1.261,此與THOMPSON氏在南非及張鏡湖在夏威夷所報之甘蔗全期平均蒸散量為PR1.0頗符合。 約有甘蔗全期需水量之50%以上之水量消耗於6~9月4個月間之甘蔗生長旺盛期,在同期內約佔有全蔗莖高度之60%以上之蔗莖生育量,由此可之甘蔗生長最旺盛之時期亦為需水量最多之期。據回歸分析,顯示甘蔗蒸發散量與蔗莖伸育量呈高度之正相關。 盆面蒸發量與日射量成正比例,在溫室內之日射量與盆面蒸發量均僅有露天者之55%左右。但甘蔗需水量在溫室與露天頗為近似,此?表示甘蔗蒸散量與甘蔗之生育量與產量成正比例,而與日射量不成直接的正比例而僅有間接的關係。 甘蔗吸水量似與氣溫之高低有關,甘蔗之吸水量與氣溫之最高?均在每日之12~16時之間。 當蔗株封??蔗葉生長旺盛已達於蔽覆土面時,土面蒸發量約佔有全蒸發散量之10%以上。原料蔗莖或乾物量及每公分蔗莖伸長生育量之需水倍數,在以白色塑膠布覆蓋土面者均較不覆蓋土面者減少10%以上,此與FRITSCHEN 氏報告玉米田之土面蒸發量約11%頗相符合。 |
英文摘要 | The evapotranspiration average values over the whole crop are 4.24mm per day in clay loam soil, 4.73 mm per day in sandy loam soil, and 5.36mm per day in sandy soil. Average peak use rates of 8.09 mm/day and 7.04 mm/day in June and minimum 3.18 mm/day and 2.22 mm/day in December for sandy soil and clay loam soil respectively are recorded in four years. The seasonal fluctuations in the ratio of lysimeter water consumption to class-A pan evaporation (PR) increase with the growth of the cane and closing in the canopy. It varies from initial values of about PR 0.4 for young cane to value of over PR 1.0~1.8 in summer. The increased amount of effective rainfall to the autoirrigated water is the main reason of the pan ratio being significantly higher over PR 1.0 in the rain season. The average ratio for all ages of cane are PR 1.000 in clay loam soil and PR 1.261 in sandy soil. This is almost identical to the ratio of PR 1.0 found by Thompson in south Africa and Jen-Hu Chang in Hawail. Just as over 60% of the total length of cane stalk is formed in the four months of boom stage of cane from June to September, over 50% of the potential evapotranspiration or actual consumption use of water for whole growth period of a good crop of cane is consumpted in the same period. The pan evaporation is proportional to the radiation. Both of them are about 55% in green-house as they are in open ground. But the evapotranspiration of the cane in the green-house is nearly the same as in the open ground. Therefore PR in the green-house is much higher than in open ground. The water consumption of cane may be correlated with the air temperature. The maximum water consumption and maximum temperature are shown at day time from 12:00 to 16:00. (Tab. 5) When the cane crop is under full canopy, there are about 10% of water consumpted by the evaporation of soil surface. The experimental data show that the water/yield ratio for the millable cane, dry matter, and the elongation of per cm. of cane stalk are about 10% more in non-mulching treatment when compared with the treatment of the soil surface covered with white polyethylene plastic. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。