頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 臺灣臺南地區單期作田農場作物生產業務之線型設計=Application of Linear Programming to Crop Enterprise Combination of Single-Cropping Paddy Farms in Tainan Region of Taiwan |
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作 者 | 趙清源; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷 期 | 26 民48.06 |
頁 次 | 頁52-69 |
關鍵詞 | 單期作田農場; 臺南地區; 作物生產業務; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
英文摘要 | Ⅰ.Purpose and Method of the Study The purposes of this study are to (1) determine optimum farm plans from the standpoint of resource allocation and crop enterprise combination for single-cropping paddy farms in Tainan region of Taiwan, and (2) demonstrate how linear programming technique can be applied to study farm management problems in Taiwan. The analysis was carried out by using the simplex method of the linear programming technique--a mathematical technique permitting simultaneous consideration of many possible plans considering the practice estimates or input-output coefficients and prices used. It allows specification of the most profitable plan, considering land, capital, labor and other restrictions on the farm. Ⅱ.Situations of Sample Farms 1. Samples: This study covered 125 single-cropping paddy farms in 31 townships in the prefectures of Yunlin, Chiayi and Tainan in southern Taiwan. 2. Resources: The average of available resources of sample farms are 2 hectares (200 ares) of land, 2 males and 2 females of family labourer participating framing and NT$7,000 of capital for cash expenses including seed and seedling, fertilizer, material and animal labor. 3. Crop Enterprises and Their Combination: There are 4 groups of crops according to their planting seasons in the region. A. Spring planted crops--Hu-tue sweet potato, peanut, 1st upland rice, jute, sesame, sweet potato and beans. B. Fall planted crops--2nd rice, 2nd upland rice, sweet potato and tomato. C. Year planted crops-- Ratoon sugar cane. D. Over one year planted crops--Fall Hu-tze sugar cane and fall sugar cane. As the average size of sample farms in the region is only 2 hectares, the only way for operators to increase their farm income is to make intensive use of their paddy field. Hence, two or more crops are usually grown on the same field in a year. Their main crop combinations or cropping systems are Hu-tue sweet potato--2nd rice, spring peanut--2nd rice, spring sweet potato--2nd rice, jute--2nd rice, spring peanut--fall sweet potato, spring sweet potato--fall peanut, 1st upland rice--2nd rice, jute--fall sweet potato, ratoon sugar cane, fall Hu-tue sugar cane and fall sugar cane. Ⅲ.Input-Output Coefficients The linear programming technique requires input-output coefficients and prices for each crop which is considered to be produced on the farm. Input-output coefficients can be defined as the quantity of resources required to produce one unit of a specified crop or to cultivate one liectare of land under a specified cropping system. Input-output coefficients were computed from the raw data of sample farms by crop, by cropping system and by prefecture in the region. For example, in Yunlin prefecture it requires 0.00578 ares of land, NY$0.11889 of capital expense and 0.00188 days of spring labor to produce one kilogram of spring sweet potato; or it requires NT$4,308.63 of capital expense and 79.99 days of labor to cultivate one hectare of spring sweet potato and 2nd rice crop (see Table 4, 5). Ⅳ.Optimum Resource Allocation and Enterprise Combination 1. Optimum plans by crops: Crop enterprises and their input-output coefficients in the region are outlined on previous pages. Now we can apply linear programming technique to determine profit-maximizing farm plans for operators. It is assumed that operator of farm A in Yunlin wants to select one spring planted crop among three crops, Hu-tue sweet potato, spring sweet potato and spring peanut, and one fall planted crop between fall peanut and 2nd rice for the purpose of maximizing profit for the farm. He has the following "fixed" amounts of resources to use on the two crops: 200 ares of spring and fall land respectively, NT$ 7,000 of capital expense and 190 working days of spring and fall labor respectively. Now we apply linear programming technique to help the operator to determine an optimum farm plan. The details are to produce 23,790.92 kilograms of spring planted sweet potato and 8,223.72 kilograms of 2nd rice. 62.58 ares of spring land, 145.22 working days of spring labor and 29.88 working days of fall labor are not used. The gross return figure is NT$28,504.38. It is further assumed that the farm A increases its capital input (a) from NT$ 7,000 to NT$ 8,000 and (b) capital not limiting with all other resources remaining constant what are the optimum farm plans for the three capital levels of the farm A? We can apply linear programming method just the same as previously and get the results as follows: With NT$ 7,000 the most Profitable plan is described above. When capital is increased to NT$ 8,000, the most profitable plan includes: 32,202.56 kilograms of spring sweet potato and 8,223.73 kilograms of 2nd rice. The gross return for this plan is NT$31,953.06. The limiting resources are fall land and capital expense. With capital not limiting, the most profitable plan produce 34,604.53 kiligrams of spring sweet potato and 8,223.73 kilograms of 2nd rice. The gross return is NT$32,937.95. Land is the only limiting resource (see Table 8). 2. Optimum plans by cropping systems: It is assumed that operator of farm B in Yunlinwants to select cropping systems among ratoon sugar cane (P1), Hu-tue sweet potato--2nd rice (P2), spring sweet potato--2nd rice (P3), spring peanut--2nd rice (P4), and spring sweet potato--fall peanut (P5). He has the same amounts of resources as farm Aexcept labor which is 65 working days in February, August and November respectively. The capital levels are NT$7,000, NT$8,000 and capital not limiting with all other resources remaining the same. The farm plans for the 3 capital levels are summarized as follows: With NT$7,000 the most profitable plan includes: 0.18ha. of P2 cropping system and 1.45 ha. of P3 cropping system. Capital expense and labor in November are limiting resource. The gross return is NT$28,934.82. With a capital level of NT$8,000, include P3 and P5 cropping systems. It includes 1.71 ha. of P3 cropping system and 0.14 ha. of P5 cropping system. Some ares of land and some working days of labor in February and August are not used in this plan. The gross return is NT$32,683.85. With capital not limiting, the most profitable plan, land and labor in November become llimiting. It includes 1.72 ha. of P3 cropping system amd 0.28 ha. of P5 cropping system. The gross return is NT$34,900.00 (see Table 12). |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。