頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 紅壤有效性磷酸及鉀素與水稻效應之相關研究=A Study on the Correlation Between "Available" Phosphorus and Potassium of Latosolic Soils and the Response of Rice |
---|---|
作 者 | 王接皇; 曾憲鼎; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷 期 | 40 民51.12 |
頁 次 | 頁50-62 |
關鍵詞 | 紅壤; 有效性磷酸; 鉀素; 水稻; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | (一)在桃園縣境內18地點,採取土壤有效性磷鉀差異頗大之土壤,自1960年第二期作至1961年第二期作,共舉辦三期作溫室盆栽試驗,以視有效性土壤磷酸及鉀素與水稻之生長效應(包括對磷鉀肥效應及?桿磷鉀素含量)之相關。 (二)盆栽試驗共用三種處理,?NPK,NP及NK,每處理重複三次。用五種常用方法以測定土壤有效性磷酸:(1) 0.1N NaOH溶提法,(2) Olsen氏法,(3)Bray's No.1法,(4) Bray's No.2法及(5) Mehlich氏法。用三種方法測定土壤有效性鉀素:(1)Mehlich氏法,(2) 以中性醋酸銨溶提之交換性鉀法,(3) 以濃硫酸溶提非交換性鉀之方法。 (三)五種方法所測得之有效性土壤磷酸量與產量百分率之相關,除1960年第一期作外,其數值均達顯著以上之標準。在1960年第一期作因供之土壤,其磷肥效應不甚顯著,影響所及相關較差,只有 0.1N NaOH 之方法,其相關達極顯著之標準。反映水稻磷酸營養狀態之?桿磷酸含量與五種方法有效性磷酸之間之相關亦極為顯著。由此,五種方法均被認為能適合於紅壤稻田土壤有效性磷酸測定之用,其中以 0.1N NaOH較為優異,次為Olsen氏法及二種Bray氏法,而以Mehlich法稍遜。 (四) Mehlich氏有效性鉀及換性鉀與產量百分率之相關,在不分期作及年別37個土壤合起計算時,均達極顯著之標準;但就期作及年別分別計算時,其相關未必顯著。但此二種鉀素測值與?桿鉀素含量之間之相關,無論就期作及年別計算或就全部土壤合計計算其數值均極為顯著。由此,?桿鉀素含量比產量百分率,更能清楚的反映土壤鉀素供應能力之情形。非交換性鉀與產量百分率或?桿鉀素含量之間之相關甚為不明顯,其量不能作紅壤鉀素供應能力之指數。 (五)由根據產量百分率分類各種土壤有效性磷鉀分析值之頻度分佈,暫擬定各種分法應用於紅壤時期分析值之分級標準,以作施肥建議之根據。但此分級標準將來尚擬根據田間試驗之結果加以訂正,使其能日趨於正確。 |
英文摘要 | A pot culture experiment employing lateritic soils collected from eighteen different localities throughout Taoyuan District had been conducted from the 2nd crop of 1960 to the 2nd crop of 1961 to determine the correlation of the phosphorus and potassium tests with the response of rice. The experiment employed three treatments including NPK, NP and NK with three replications. Five methods were used to determine the available soil phosphorus, namely, (1) 0.1 N NaOH extraction method, (2) Olsen's method, (3) Bray's No.1 method, (4) Bray's No.2 method and (5) Mehlich's method. Three methods were used to determine the soil potassium, the method employing 0.05 N HCL-0.025 N H2SO4 solution, neutral ammonium acetate extraction method for exchangeable potassium and Hunter and Pratt's method with concentric sulfuric acid as an extractant for non-exchangeable potassium. The response of rice grain yield to phosphatic fertilizer was found highly correlated with the available phosphorus determined by either of the five methods, out of which 0.1N NaOH method is the best, Olsen's, Bray's No.1 and Bray's No.2 methods are next and Mehlich's method is the last. For all soils combined irrespective of crop and year, the predication values was 73.1 per cent for 0.1N NaOH method, 65.1 per cent for Olsen's method, 64.6 per cent for Bray's No.2 method, 62.8 per cent for Bray's No.1 method and 52.6 per cent for Mehlich's method, respectively. The correlations of the available soil phosphorus determined by the various methods with the phosphorus content of the straw in the check treatment were found also high for the five methods, it also indicated the methods emploting alkaline and acid-fluoride solutions are better than that employing single acid solution in evaluating the available phosphorus of the lateritic soils. The correlation between the response of rice grain to potassium fertilizer and the potassium determined either by neutral ammonium acetate extraction or by 0.05N HCl-0.025 H2SO4 extraction was found very significant in the case that all the 37 soils combined irrespective of crop or year were taken into calculation, but this was not always true when the samples were calculated separately according to crop and year. The potassium content of the straw in the check treatment was found more highly correlated with the potassium determined by neutral ammonium acetate extraction and 0.05N HCl--0.025 H2SO4 extraction. It indicates that the status of potassium in the lateritic soils is better reflected by the potassium content of straw than by the value of the percentage yield. Since neither the potassium content of straw nor the value of the percentage yield was found correlated with potassium in non-exchangeable form, the measurement of the non-exchangeable potassium is considered of little use for evaluating the status of available potassium in the lateritic soils. The tentative standards for classification of the phosphorus and potassium testing values by the various methods applied to the lateritic paddy soils for fertilizer recommendation were suggested. However, these classification standards are expected to be corrected further according to the results of field experiments that are being conducted in Taoyuan District. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。