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題名 | 甘蔗品種 F152 (P.T.53-2091)對氮肥反應試驗報告=Report on the Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer of the Sugarcane Variety F152 |
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作者 | 伍文耀; 駱君驌; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷期 | 41 民52.03 |
頁次 | 頁17-26 |
關鍵詞 | 甘蔗品種; 氮肥反應試驗報告; F152(P.T.53--2091); 甘蔗; 氮肥; 反應試驗; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
英文摘要 | Though sugarcane plant itself is a nitrogen hunger, yet the benefical response varies with different varieties. With exception of thin-stemmed ones, most of the thick-stemmed varieties are growing larger in diameter and longer in length of the stalk of more nitrogen fertilizer was applied. It is the reason why the thin-stemmed varieties are not desirable for intensive cultivation. For instance, the application of 240 kilograms of nitrogen per hectare on N:Co. 310 would promote earlier falling down and increase the rate of dead cane at harvest, resulting the sugar yielded per hectare is less than that of 80 kilograms of nitrogen per hectare. However, different result was obtained in thick-stemmed variety P.T. 43-52. In the latter, the sugar yield of 160 kilograms of nitrogen was much higher than that of 80 kilograms of nitrogen. Further increase in yield of sugar was also obtained if the use of nitrogen increased from 160 to 240 kilograms per hectare. Same results had been reported in Hawaii. It had been searched for years by the sugarcane breeder of this country, if there is any variety can be a good nitrogen feeder which would increase yield in cane and thus in sugar according to the amount of nitrogen applied per hectare. The demand of nitrogen feeder as the commercial variety of sugarcane in Taiwan was based upon the fact that the area for sugarcane planting decreased tremendously as the pressure of growing population increased in this Island in the past two decades. The decrease in sugarcane planting area would naturally demand the increase in yield of sugar per hectare, if Taiwan intends to produce around one million tons of sugar a year as in the past decades. Since 1945, Shuong-Lan Plantation of the Pintung Sugar Factory produced 160 metric tons of cane per hectare averaged of more than forty hectare by planting POJ 3016 in 1948-49 crop year and 135 metric tons of cane averaged of one hundred thirty five hectares has been produced by P.T. 43-52 at Chio-Tou Sugar Factory in 1950~1951 crop year. Yet the averaged yield of cane per hectare was from 60 to 80 metric tons per hectare in the whole Island in the present decade. The low yield was due to the fact that 95% of sugarcane area was planted with thin-stemmed variety, N:Co. 310. Since 1952, the commercial release of N:Co. 310 in Taiwan, the sugarcane area in Taiwan has retreated or withdrew from the rice district or irrigated area to hilly side, seashore and unirrigated area where are the only places by which N:Co. 310 can be planted profitably. Unirrigated land produced from 50 to 80 metric tons of cane for each crop year, it raised two problems: (1) It requires more land for sugarcane production, if the production goal still maintained from 800 hundred thousands to one million metric tons of sugar set as the past years of the present two decades. (2) The increase of population increased the value of other field crops such as soybean, cassava, tobacco, vegatables and other crops and thus deprived planting area for sugarcane. It results that the sugarcane planting area reduced from 100,000 more hectares in the usual year to 91,000 hectare in 1961~1962 crop year. It is apparently that the increase in yield of sugar per hectare is the only solution to maintain the annual production of the past decade of this Island under the tendency of acreage reduction of sugarcane. The increase in yield of sugar per hectare would be promptly realized, if the commercial varieties of sugarcane were the proper nitrogen-feeder and yield more tons of cane if more nitrogen fertilizer was used. The possibility of breeding an high yielding variety of sugarcane which can produce from 150 to 200 metric tons of cane per hectare had been exploited by the sugarcane breeder of the Pingtung Sugarcane Breeding Station as early as in 1946, and the newly released variety F152 (P.T.53-2091 was named prior to commercial release of this variety) is one of the seedlings bred by the said Station in the year of 1953. F152 proved itself as one of the high yielding variety of sugarcane ever bred by this Island in 1959~1960 crop year, it produced 233 metric tons of cane per hectare leading the sugarcane variety trial carried by Pingtung Sugarcane Improvement Station at the experimental plots. From the crop year 1959~1960 to 1961~1962, there were 47 variety trials carried throught all over Island, within these three crop years, F152 performed excellently as high yielder in second-crop paddy-sugarcane interplanting, early Autum-planting (August-planting) and late Autumn-planting (October/or November-planting, after the harvesting of the second crop of rice). It was especially important in its excellent performance in late Autumn-planting, which took only from 12 to 14 months of growth period instead of 18 to 20 months of the early Autumn-planting. The present report is the first one of its kind on the reponse of the variety of sugarcane of F152 to nitrogen fertilizer. The experiment was carried on in the field of the Pingtung Sugarcane Breeding Station in the year of 1960~1961. The experiment consists four nitorgen treatments: 100 kilograms, 200 kilograms, 300 kilograms and 400 kilograms. P2O5 and K2O were 80 kilograms per hectare respectively and applied completedly before planting. The size of the block is 5 meters ×(5 ×1.25) meters = 31.25 square meters; four replications; randomized blocks. Irrigation was available whenever it was in need. The results of the experiments as shown in Table 3, showing that in February of 1961, the number of the treatments C and D was still increased in average per row while those of treatments of A and B bagan to decrease. At the end of tillering period, June, the number of survivals per row was more in treatments C and D than those of treatments of A and B. It indicated that nitrogen not only increased the production of tillers but also reduced the mortality of the tiller during the tillering period. As to the elongative growth of sugarcane, the favorable effect of nitrogen fertilizer was notably from April to June but is was counterbalanced from July to September by the unfavorable effects of falling-down of the standing cane and shredding of the green leaves during the rainy season (as shown in Table 4). The favorable effect of nitrogen on elongative growth was masked completedly during the rainy season in Taiwan owing to the occurrence of typoon and heavy rains. However, the effect of nitrogen on sugarcane production can be seen clearly in Table 5. The yield of sugarcane per hectare was 182 and 168 metric tons respectively in treatments C and D in comparison with 146 and 153 metric tons in treatments of A and B. It was especially apparent in sugar yield per hectare, treatments C and D produced 26.7 and 25.9 metric tons of sugar while treatments A and B produced only 22.3 and 22.7 metric tons. Nitrogen apparently increased sugar content in sugarcane. The effect of nitrogen on the diameter of the millable stalks of sugarcane was notably, the averaged diameter for 400, 300, 200 and 100 kilograms of nitrogen was 2.74, 2.67, 2.43 and 2.38 cm. respectively. The prime effect of nitrogen on yield of sugarcane was increased the number of millable stalks per hectare (shown in Table 8). The averaged number of millable stalks per hectare for F152 was 67,200 stalks in 200 kilograms of nitrogen but 73,800 and 72,667 stalks in 300 and 400 kilograms of nitrogen treatments. The results of the experiment showed that nitrogen increased the production of more millable stalks attributing to two factores: (1) Increase the production of tillers and (2) Reduce the mortality of the tillers. It was observed that the production of vigorous and stout tillers in heavy nitrogen treatments made the reduction in mortality. Since the mortality of the tillers in majority was inflicted by sugarcane borer, it was high if they weak and slow in growth while those of vigorous and stout tillers are usually escaped from the borer damage. Nitrogen increases the vigor and stoutness of the tillers prior to emergence thus reducing the inflicted loss from the sugarcane borer. F152 proved to be a mitrogen feeder and good for intensive cultivation in Taiwan. It is a variety of sugarcane which can be useful for commercial planting in irrigated area and producing higher yield than that of N:Co. 310. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。