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頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 早熟與晚熟甘蔗品種在成熟期中對溫度之反應= |
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作者 | 駱君驌; |
期刊 | 中華農學會報 |
出版日期 | 19700300 |
卷期 | 69 1970.03[民59.03] |
頁次 | 頁42-57 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 甘蔗品種; 溫度; |
英文摘要 | Attention on the abnormally poor juice quality of the 1967-1968 crop-year resulting a reduction in yield of commercial sugar per hectare in most of the sugar mills in Taiwan has arose much controversy within the circle of sugar industry recently. The reduction verying from 2-3 to 22% or more, if the harvested acreage of F146, a late mature variety, both of planting and ratooning, reached from 60 to 80% of the total harvested acreage. The night temperature during the main period of the crushing period from December to February has determining effect on the juice quality of F146 of the current crop-year and germination thus the vegetative growth of the ratoon crop of the coming crop-year. As seen in Table 4, the night temperature during this period is abnormally low both in 1965-1966 and 1966-1967 crop-years. There were 17 to 26 nights monthly lower than 20℃ in 1965-1966 crop-year and 28 to 31 nights monthly low temperature, below 20℃ every night, give excellent juice in milling cane of F146 in the these two crop-years but causing poor germination and reduction in tonnage per hectare of the ratoon of this variety in 1966-1967 and 1967-1968 crop years. While the abnormally high night temperature from December 1968 to February 1969, there were 14 to 25 nights monthly having night temperature higher than 20℃, depressed the juice quality of F146 of 1967-1968 crop-year, causing a reduction in yield of sugar per hectare from 2 to 20℃ or more. Studies on the montly green-leaf area produced by the early and late mature varieties of sugarcane as seen in Tables 1 and 2, both of the varieties increased in green-leaf area in the consecutive months until October, the inception of dry spell of the year, begin to decrease gradually. The monthly increase is notably marked from April to September in short cycle, or 10-12 month, crop, the Spring-planting of ratooning. And from December to September of the next year in long-cycle, 16-18-month, crop, or Autumn-planting crop. However, the monthly increase of green-leaf area is always greater in early mature than that of late mature varieties in the same month. It is conjectured that the production of photosynthate is either more than daily consumption or the daily consumption of photosynthate is lesser than production in the early mature varieties of sugarcane. The daily surplus stored in the form of sucrose to accumulate within the respective internodes of the dry-leafed portion of the stalk as "primary accumulation". The process of sucrose accumulation is obviously different between the early and late mature varieties in sugarcane. Of the former, accumulation starts in each internode as soon as it matures thus the curve of sucrose accumulation of the consecutive internodes of the dry-leafed portion of the stalk is nearly a horizontal line rather than a sharp declined line from internodes of the bottom to the top portion of the latter. Actually, little sucrose occurred as " primary accumulation" in the newly mature internode in the late mature varieties as indicated by the monthly pierced Brix readings taken acropetally from internode to internode of the dry-leafed portion of the standing cane prior to October. The combining depression effects of soil moisture deficit and sufficiently low night temperature, usually below 18℃, in December are important to accelerate the "secondary accumulation" of sucrose in late mature varieties. At least 20-30 days of drought and 10 or more consecutive nights of low temperature, below 18℃, require for the maturation of the late mature varieties. Since the "secondary accumulation" of sucrose in the late mature varieties proceeds only after the inception of dry spell of the year and occurs gradually from internodes of the bottom to the top portion of the stalk, it is a time-consuming process requiring 3 to 4 months to reach the process requiring 3 to 4 months to reach the profitable peak in Taiwan. It is highly vulnerable to high night temperature during the period of maturation. Any departure from normal of the night temperature for 3 or 5 consecutive nights during this period depresses the juice quality of them. The increase of age of the late mature varieties minimizes the fluctuation of sucrose content causing by high night temperature. Senescence by aging is the sole safety-valve of getting good quality of juice from them. Late mature varieties of sugarcane are not advisable to plant as short-cycle crop. The ratooning of them if it is necessary, must deliberately plan to supply the milling cane for the later part of the crushing season for its juice is inferior than that of Autumn-planting in the early part of the crushing period. For a short-cycle crop, the planting of early or middle mature varieties is a wise choice, as can be seen in Tables 5 and 10. They produce not only better juice for the early part of the crushing season but also reduce the loss in yield of sugar in case the night temperature of the crushing season is abnormally high. Though most of the contracted farmers in Taiwan prefer the short-cycle crop at present. However, the policy of sugar industry itself should revert to the trend of long-cycle crop, if the economical factors of production are to be considered. Long-cycle crop raises the juice quality of the milling canes and diminishes the costs of production, transportation as well as processing of sugar. Short-cycle crop has the drawback of highly vulnerable to climatical effects both in planting and harvesting periods. In conclusion, in order to obtain right mature canes for sugar processing throughout the crushing season of a sugar factory, the harvesting acreage of different varieties of varying maturity must be well planned so that the highest sucrose content can be extracted from the milling materials. Furthermore, since the crushing period lasts from 120 to 150 working days, it is a poor policy if the milling canes depend only a few varieties of sugarcane. It has recognized that juice quality also affected by lodging, insect damage, disease infection and cultural fault and varieties very their response. It is apparently that the combination of a number of varieties to supply milling canes in any period of the crushing season is highly recommended. It usually provides better canes for processing of sugar and the most important it minimies the loss of sugar in case any fact or factors mentioned above occurred. |
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