頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 水稻臺中65號之糯米及早熟系統之育成=Breeding of Glutinous and Early Isogenic Lines from a Rice Variety, Taichung no. 65 |
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作者 | 蔡國海; | 書刊名 | 中華農學會報 |
卷期 | 35 民50.09 |
頁次 | 頁18-23 |
關鍵詞 | 水稻; 臺中65號; 糯米; 早熟系統; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | (一)為改換水稻臺中65號粳米品種為糯米品種,以木下糯(日本糯米品種)為非輪?親本,臺中65號為輪?親本,反覆進行回交7次。由B7F2逢機的選出一定數之糯米、粳米個體。分別在民國47,48年第一、二期作,連同輪?親本臺中65號,進行系統(B7F3)產量比較試驗。其結果,糯米系統之產量與粳米系統相同,出穗期及桿長等性狀亦無差異。因而認為水稻糯米遺傳因子的更換不致影響其他性狀。 (二)以大同在來(華北早熟品種)及坊主5號(日本北海道早熟品種)作非輪?親本,臺中65號為輪?親本,與上述同樣方法育成臺中65號早熟系統。並用多數早熟系統與親本臺中65號進行產量比較試驗,其結果大多數早熟系統之產量較低,但有部分系統與臺中65號表現出同樣之產量。基於此實驗結果,筆者就依回交育種法所育成之Isogenic系統之育種的利用曾加以討論。 |
英文摘要 | 1. Taichung no.65 is a representative Japonica variety of rice in Taiwan. With the view to replacing its non-glutinous gene with the glutinous gene, back-crosses were repeated using a Japanese glutinous strain (Kinoshita-mochi) as the donor parent and a strain of Taichung No.65 as the recurrent parent. A number of glutinous and non-glutinous strains obtained from the B7F2 plants were then tested in the first and second crop seasons of 1958 and 1959. The results proved that the glutious strains had the same yielding capacity as non-glutinous ones (including the recurrent-parental strain). Also in order agronomic characters as heading date and plant height, no significant difference was found between the glutinous and non-glutinous strains. It seems that the glutinous gene does not exert influence on other characters than starch property, though if has been generally thought that glutinous rice varieties are of lower yield than non-glutinous ones. Thus, the glutinous isogenic lines obtained from this experiment may be regarded as having the same adaptability and responses to environment as Taichung no. 65. The quality of glutinous rice produced by those lines appeared to be good enough. This experiment indicates that glutinous rice varieties with high yielding capacity can be obtained from non-glutinous variteiesalready established. 2. By using the same back-crossing method, isogenic lines with early maturity of Taichung no. 65 were established. In this breeding experiment, the donor parent used was a Northern-Chinese and a Northern Japanese variety. Tests of those early strains showed that yield was in most of them lower than, but in few as high as, the value given by a strain of Taichung no.65 used as the recurrent parent. A variety of crop plants represents a genotype or an assembly of similar genotypes which respond to outer conditions in a certain manner. When a few particular genes of the genotype are replanced by others, the genotyper may in some case be disharmonized as the whole, resulting in a breakdown of the reaction norm. If the genotype had a "latitude" in it, however. certain genes may be replaced by other more desirable ones without causing disntegration of the reaction norm determined by the genetic background. Study of this relation may become important with the progress of radiation breeding in which usually changes at a few gene loci are selected. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。