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題 名 | 寺院廚房裡的姊妹情:戰後臺灣佛教婦女的性別意識與修行=Jiemeiqing in the Monastic Kitchen in Post-War Taiwan: Gender Identity and Community Solidarity among Buddhist Women |
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作 者 | 李玉珍; | 書刊名 | 中央研究院民族學研究所集刊 |
卷 期 | 87 1999.春[民88.春] |
頁 次 | 頁97-128 |
分類號 | 227 |
關鍵詞 | 臺灣佛教; 比丘尼; 煮食; 性別與空間; Taiwanese buddhism; Bhiksuni; Cooking; Gender and space; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 臺灣佛教界常常視供養和分享食物為女性化的宗教行為,而且佛教婦女也往往以 煮食來表現其虔誠。譬如,以神蹟式治病而著名的無名比丘尼,即行禁食而施大悲咒水。另 外,水果和尚廣欽和尚則直稱廚房是女性修行的場域。這些都是宗教實踐在日常行為中儀式 化和性別化的例子,值得研究。佛教婦女投注煮食雖然和傳統的性別分工符合,但是臺灣寺 院不同於傳統中國叢林制度的生活模式則賦予此宗教實踐不同的影響。藉由煮食,臺灣比丘 尼不僅建立其經濟獨立的自主性,並且因此形成她們有別於男性同儕的性別認同和團體意識 。雖然目前罕有學者注意到此結構性因素,但是臺灣寺院普遍供應信徒齋食和相對熱絡的信 徒網絡,已經成為臺灣佛教寺院的重要特徵之一。本文的重點除了將女性性別角色形成的過 程置於寺院生活和經濟結構之中,更重要的是藉由女性的生活經驗(比丘尼和優婆夷)來呈 現和分析臺灣比丘尼如何建構其宗教實踐之意義。因此,除了典籍的分析之外,筆者並且在 十八個月的田野調查中,走訪了數十座寺院的廚房。由於一般寺院大多將廚房視為女性的工 作領域,筆者(女性)親自參與煮食和做廚房雜務的過程中,發現相當豐富的女性間互動和 經驗傳承的資料。這些參與觀察和口訪,對經典平面的記載賦予制度性和歷史性的深度,生 動的展現寺院廚房中的姊妹情誼。 |
英文摘要 | A close look at monastic kitchens reveals much about food culture in monastic life. As a traditional female activity, cooking is a means for Taiwanese nuns to gain economic, social, and cultural capital. In addition, cooking shapes the spatial arrangement and temporal schedule of daily life at a monastery. It is in this institutional scheme that contemporary Taiwanese nuns form their identity. This food culture grounds itself in the gender politics of Buddhist institutions underlying the process of food preparation at monastic kitchens. This paper focuses on the discipline and community identity of Taiwanese Buddhist nuns, which can be fully illuminated only by using "gender" as a category of historical analysis. Like general social expectations about gender, nuns are assigned in Taiwanese monastic administration the task of cooking, an alleged feminine practice in the distribution of religious labor. Thus, monastic kitchens constitute a very significant "female sphere" for nuns. The paper is organized to answer in turn four questions. Firstly, why is food considered a significant component of the monastic life? Secondly, how do Taiwanese nuns formulate their religious experience and community identity through cooking? Thirdly, what is the relationship between the distribution of labor and gender identity in Taiwanese Buddhism? And fourthly, how do contemporary Taiwanese nuns redefine the meaning of cooking through an expended social network? |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。