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題 名 | 灌溉管理模式應用於農業用水量之規劃=Application of Irrigation Management Model to Agricultural Water Demand Planning |
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作 者 | 郭勝豐; 施嘉昌; | 書刊名 | 農業工程學報 |
卷 期 | 45:4 1999.12[民88.12] |
頁 次 | 頁1-17 |
分類號 | 434.2571 |
關鍵詞 | 灌溉管理模式; 農業用水量; 蒸發散量; 作物制度; 作物產量; Irrigation management model; Agricultural water requirements; Evapotranspiration; Cropping pattern; Crop yield; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 灌溉管理模式可模擬田間"作物-土壤-大氣"間之複雜現象,估算作物需水量及灌溉 期距,進而規劃農田水利會於目前及加入WTO後作物制度變更下之灌溉計畫農業用水量。 嘉南農田水利會學甲試驗站歷年來之田間試驗資料被收集、分析,復輸入聯合國國際糧農組織 發展之CROPWAT灌溉管理模式估算結果得知,學甲試驗站之年平均潛勢蒸發散量為1444公厘, 有效雨量為897公厘。不考慮有效雨量,一期作水稻之灌溉需水量為962公厘,滲漏量為295 公厘,二期作水稻之灌溉需水量為1114公厘,滲漏量為296公厘,合計學甲灌區內水稻田滲漏 量約佔灌溉需水量之28.6%。旱作部份之作物蒸發散量,春作玉米為358公厘、秋作玉米為273 公厘,春作高梁為332公厘、秋作高梁為366公厘,春作大豆為350公厘、秋作大豆為264公厘。 五種不同灌溉方式用以分析玉米之灌溉期距,得知春作玉米採用土壤水分追蹤法實施一次灌 溉(3/23),淨灌溉水深66.9公厘時具有最佳效果,秋作玉米則採用管理者制訂法實施三次灌 溉(10/18,11/13,12/13),淨灌溉水深120公厘時具有最佳效果。 嘉南水利會學甲工作站八十七年度灌溉管理資料中顯示單期作水稻耕種面積約佔65%,據此 訂定作物制度復利用CROPWAT模式分析得知該灌區單期作物制度之年總灌溉水深為507公厘, 月別尖峰用水量發生於十月份之126公厘。雙期作物制度之年總灌溉水深為1019公厘,月別 尖峰用水量發生於一月份之192公厘。 本研究結果顯示灌溉管理模式能迅速、效率的分析農業灌溉用水量,然與臺灣現行農田水利會 灌溉管理制度之配合仍須進一步修正、分析,相信日後能用以提昇農田水利會之灌溉管理能 力。 |
英文摘要 | Irrigation management model simulating the complicated on-farm "crop-soil-climate" relationship is introduced to estimate the crop evapotranspiration and prepare the irrigation schedules; furthermore, to plan the agricultural water requirements with different cropping pattern for Irrigation Associations. The field experiment data from HsuehChia Experiment Station of ChiaNan Irrigation Association was collected and analyzed, then as input to the CROPWAT irrigation management model that was developed by the FAO of UN. The results from CROPWAT model show that the annual potential evapotranspiration and effective rainfall in HsuehChia area are 1444 mm and 897 mm, respectively. Regarding the paddy fields, the amount of crop water requirements and deep percolation are 962 mm and 295 mm for the first period rice, also 1114 mm and 296 mm for the second period rice. Considering the upland crops, the amount of crop water requirements for spring and autumn corn are 358 mm and 273 mm, 332 mm and 366 mm for sorghum, 350 and 264 mm for soybean, respectively. Five different irrigation methods were used to simulate the irrigation schedule for spring and autumn corn. The optimal results happened in the "soil moisture simulation method" with one time and 69.6 mm net irrigation depth for spring corn. Also, the "manager defined method" with three times and 120 mm net irrigation depth has the optimal results for autumn corn. Based on the single rice cropping pattern with 65% planted area of paddy fields and irrigation management data of HsuehChia Working Station in 1998, the CROPWAT model simulated results show that the annual agricultural water demand are 507 mm, and the peak monthly scheme water requirements happened on the October with 126 mm. For the double rice cropping pattern, the annual agricultural water demand are 1019 mm, and the peak monthly scheme water requirements happened on the January with 192 mm. The research show that irrigation management model can effectively and efficiently estimate the agricultural water requirements, yet it still needs more study to fit the complicated situation of cropping pattern for upgrading the ability of irrigation management of Irrigation Associations in Taiwan. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。