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題名 | 時間概念與新聞報導:新聞文本使用時間性語彙之探析=Time in News Reporting--A Case Study of Temporality in News Text |
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作者 | 臧國仁; 鍾蔚文; | 書刊名 | 新聞學研究 |
卷期 | 61 1999.10[民88.10] |
頁次 | 頁137-178 |
分類號 | 895.3 |
關鍵詞 | 新聞; 時間; 敘事; 真實再現; News reports; News narrative; Temporality; News representation; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文旨在探討新聞報導如何呈現時間觀念。論者嘗謂新聞乃時間產物,但是相關研 究過去甚少觸及新聞報導中的時間概念,使得我們對新聞與時間的互動關係瞭解甚少,無從 得知新聞是否反映真實事件的時間歷程,以及如何使用語彙反映時間變動。 本研究首先藉由過去對時間的討論,探知時間理論大致可分為主觀與客觀兩個觀點:前 者(主觀觀點)認為時間乃個人之感知,具有可操作與可逆轉的特性;如電影製作人處理劇 本的手法就經常改變了原始事件的時間流向。持時間客觀觀點者則認為時間持續前進,無從 回頭。人們既不能改變時間,也不能分隔時間;如電視新聞現場轉播即為一例。 本研究以兩則新聞個案為例,探討文本中的時間詞彙。我們藉由過去分析新聞言說論述 的經驗,將兩則新聞中的時間詞彙挑選出來,討論這些時間詞彙在新聞段落中的次序安排、 出現頻數、以及分佈狀態。 |
英文摘要 | There has been a plethora of research literature on the subject of time and society, ranging from works by Kara Marx to those by Anthony Giddiness. But few efforts have attempted to study the temporality in news text, or how the concept of time was reflected in news text. In this paper, we try to analyze temporal terms appearing in two randomly selected news stories. First, two categories were generalized by following the past theoretical suggestions. Time was considered either as a subjective term, with a special feature of reversibility as often adopted in movie shooting, or as an objective perspective which can hardly be separated from people's experience and has to move sequentially from one end to another. Then we pick out all the terms relating to time in these two news articles. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and prepositions were all analyzed to count their frequencies in each paragraph as well as in each news article, with a purpose to show how these terms were distributed and in what order. The result shows, when it's obvious that news reports are full of terms with time implications, the two case stories reflect two rather opposite types. In the first case, which was about an announcement of new medical policy in Taiwan, time terms was adopted to cover a broader length of temporality, and therefore present a comparatively complicated news narration. And the second case, which was about a train crash against a gravel truck, includes many event-oriented word and sentences, and thus was strictly reflecting a short period of temporality. The study then concludes that time terms have dual functions in news reports. For one, they are the tools of representation for readers, only through which the feeling of context can be built. Second, these terms are the backbone of news narrative and the use of them help the journalist develop the news story. We then suggest to further study on the subject since it may explain the types of news writing and how the reality is "represented" by the journalist. This issue is certainly important because we need to learn more about whether and how the different use of time terms may influence the plot developed in different news stories. And knowing how the reader, on the other hand ,receives these different news terms may also help us understand more about their perception of news reality. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。