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題 名 | 航空的噪音問題及其改善防制方法=Aviation Noise Problem and Its Improving/Preventive Methods |
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作 者 | 傅健康; | 書刊名 | 民航季刊 |
卷 期 | 1:3 1999.09[民88.09] |
頁 次 | 頁331-359 |
分類號 | 557.9 |
關鍵詞 | 飛航噪音; 音爆; 燃氣渦輪引擎; 噪音抑制器; 高速進場; Aviation noise; Sonic boom; Gas turbine engine; Noise suppresser; High-speed; Approach; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 飛機在飛行和地面試車的過程中所造成之噪音汙染,會對人們的生活與工作環境 帶來重大的影響,若長期處於高度噪音汙染的環境中,將可能使人體無論在生理和心理上, 均遭受不同程度的傷害。通常,就渦輪噴射( Turbojet )引擎而言,其最大的噪音源是來 自排氣噴射氣流;而高旁通渦輪風扇( High-bypass Turbofan )引擎則以其導扇為主要的 噪音來源。因此,為求減小飛機所造成的噪音汙染,首先應針對各型發動機的主噪音源,進 行各種有助消音的改良設計,以改善發動機產生噪音的情形。例如,增大渦輪風扇引擎的旁 通比或在引擎的排氣噴嘴出口處加裝噪音抑制器(可大幅降低噴射噪音);抑或大量使用吸 ╱消音材料等設計,均是改善引擎噪音最直接有效的方法。其次,要對飛航過程和機場場面 維修活動中,所造成的不同噪音汙染進行深入檢討,並分別尋求各種具體可行的改善防制方 法。例如,起飛及進場操作方式的修正、選擇適當的航道及跑道、飛行時間的調整、試車時 間╱地點的選定與管制,以及塔臺的有效飛航管制等,均是可考量的噪音改善防制措施。吾 人唯有對噪音可能造成的汙染與影響,具有正確的認識,並據以建立防範的觀念與作為,方 能避免或減輕航空噪音所帶來的危害。 |
英文摘要 | The noise problem created by commercial and military jet aircraft takeoffs, landings, and ground operations at airports near residential area has become serious within the last two decades. The noise produced by gas turbine engines can significantly bother (or annoy) people's living condition and often causes complaints and objections from the local residents of the community near the airport. Furthermore, because of the danger of physical injury from such annoying noise, some limitations to engine noise and flight noise are commonly established, such as those in the Federal Aviation Regulations Part 36 (FAR-36). And, in the mean time, engine and aircraft manufacturers together with government agencies have been actively engaged in an effort to reduce these harmful noises to an acceptable level. Since the work of noise control for gas turbine engines has become so important that both operating and maintenance personnel should have deep understandings about the noise problems which they are involed, and to know well what can (or is) being done to reduce jet noise to a minimum; thus, in the present paper, some improving and preventive methods for reducing noise are introduced for providing as references to those personnel, such as, by use of noise-attenuating materials and jet noise suppressers on the turbine engines, and by changing the way of operational control of the engine and the aircraft flight pattern by the pilots, and so on. With these methods, the objectionable jet noise can be effectively reduced; hence avoids the damage to people's health, as well as greatly reduce the complaints and objections from the local residents of the community in the vicinity of the airport. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。