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題名 | 稻田田水殘留之百速隆(pyrazosulfuron-ethyl)引起非目標作物藥害之潛力=The Phytotoxicity Potential of Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl Residue in Paddy Water on Non-target Crops |
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作者 | 蔣永正; 蔣慕琰; 劉威廷; 蔡瑞真; | 書刊名 | 植物保護學會會刊 |
卷期 | 41:1 1999.03[民88.03] |
頁次 | 頁67-78 |
分類號 | 434.111 |
關鍵詞 | 水稻; 百速隆; 生物檢定; 殘留活性; 藥害; Rice; Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl; Bioassay; Residual activity; Phytotoxicity; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究主要探討百速隆施用後在水田田水中之消退情形,及對臺灣主要栽培之蔬菜等敏感作物的殘留活性,同時建立適合之生物檢定方法,應用於田水中藥劑殘留活性的偵測。試驗結果顯示:胡瓜胚根伸長與百速隆測試濃度呈明顯之劑量反應關係;100 ppb達到90% 之高抑制程度,此生物檢定方法可應用為水中百速隆,低於100 ppb濃度以下微量測定。於水田中施用50g ha-1之百速隆,定期採樣田水並以 HPLC 檢測田水中藥劑的消退情形,發現在二期作高溫下(26.5 ℃)田水中藥劑濃度較一期作低溫下(20 ℃)為低,同時在水稻種植區之田水中百速隆殘留量,較未種植水稻區者為低。以胡瓜種子胚根伸長反應之生物檢定方法偵測水樣中之藥劑含量,亦有類似之變化趨勢。施藥後0、1、2、3及4日採集之水樣,噴施於2-3葉齡之測試作物,由植株藥害徵狀及受害程度發現,油菜、白菜、青梗白菜及甕菜等葉菜類最為敏感,豆科、瓜科、茄科及莧科等測試作物的生育,則只受到藥劑殘留量較高之水樣所抑制,且在一星期左右會恢復生長,至於禾本科之高梁和玉米最具忍耐性,其生育完全不受測試水樣之影響。 |
英文摘要 | Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl is a major sulfonylurea herbicide used on transplanted rice in Taiwan. It shows a strong herbicidal activity at a low application rate against a wide range of paddy weeds, and inadequate use could result in phytotoxicity of non-target plants due to the strong activities on broadleaf species and relative longer residual activities. It is registered to apply early-postemergence at 50g ha-1 to rice field in Taiwan. This research was conducted to investigate the decline and bioactivity of pyrazosulfuronethyl in paddy water to evaluate phytotoxicity potential on non-target crops. A bioassay method using the radicle of cucumber was developed for determination the concentration of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl in water. The method involved planting pre-germinated seeds of cucumber in filter papers soaked in 100 ml pyrazosulfuron-ethyl solutions and measuring the radicle length after 5 days. Close dose-response relationship (Y=9.047-0.209x + 0.002x��, R��=0.93 ) existed betwen radicle elongation and concentration of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl in the range of 0-100 ppb. To detect pyrazosulfuron-ethyl in paddy water samples with HPLC, a more rapid loss of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl would be found in rice field at second cropping season. Remarkable difference in decline rate of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl was observed between the paddy water of planting and non-planting rice field. Radicle elongation of cucumber was inhibited by paddy water sampled from 0-14 and 0-7 day after application of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl for first and second rice season, respectively. Paddy water sampled in first two days injured all 13 dicotyledon vegetables tested. Damaged plants would appear leaf yellowing, crinkle and reduction of leaf size. Leafy vegetables including Pai-tsai, green petiole and edible rape were more sensitive than other tested plants. In the experiments sensitive crops were injured by paddy water containing pyrazosulfuron-ethyl within 10 days after herbicide application. |
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