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題 名 | 美國、日本與我國戰後以來對外國投資人取得股份之規範=A Study of Post-1945 US, Japanese, and ROC Regulations Governing the Purchase of Shares of Domestic Companies by Foreign Investors |
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作 者 | 易建明; | 書刊名 | 經社法制論叢 |
卷 期 | 24 1999.07[民88.07] |
頁 次 | 頁161-199 |
分類號 | 563.52 |
關鍵詞 | 外資; 外國投資人; 國家安全保障; Foreign investment; Foreign investors; OECD; National security; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 投資已為 APEC 之主要議題。外國投資人與投資有關者為外人出資比率及行業別 限制投資之問題。而各國規範外國投資人之法律架構並不相同,例如我國主要規定於「外國 人投資條例」,日本規定於「外匯暨外國貿易法」,而美國則規定於各產業法規當中。本文 就戰後美國、日本與我國外人投資有關法律之演變作一區分,並就出資比率及其差異等作一 比較研究。本文結論如下: 一、在對外國人投資之出資比率之限制方面,除少數海運、造船、漁業、航空運輸等之外, 基本上,三國之法規開放程度大致相同。 二、美國大致區分為ヾ外資引進期(戰後至一九七二年);ゝ對美投資摩擦初期(一九七三 年至一九七九年);ゞ投資摩擦高峰期(一九八○年至一九八八年);々投資衰退期(一九 八九年至今)。美國與外資有關之主要法律為要求外國投資人公開資訊,例如一九七四年外 國投資調查法、一九七六年國際投資調查法等。 三、在美國,與安全保障有關法律,如一九八八年綜合貿易暨競爭法「艾克森佛洛力奧」強 化條款等,對電子零件、飛機、飛機零件等重要高科技公司之收購時,美國總統有權禁止。 國內企業在收購美國高科技公司時應特別注意此一條款。此法律值得我國立法參考。 四、我國為發展我國臺灣地區為「亞太區域營運中心」,未來對於外國投資人、「取得股份 」之定義更明確規範之。一九九七年十月新修正之外國人投資條例對此並未作規範。對此, 日本「外匯暨外國貿易法」第二十七條第十三項,第二十六條第一項可作為未來立法之參考 。 |
英文摘要 | Investment has become a key topic of discussion at APEC meetings. Foreign investors and others concerned with foreign investments focus on issues of foreign investment ratio restrictions and restrictions on investment in certain industrial sectors. The legal framework set up to deal with foreign investment differs greatly from country to country. For example, foreign investment is handled under the "Statute for Investment by Foreign Nationals" in the ROC and under the "Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Law" in Japan. The United States handles foreign investment under regulations specific to each industrial sector. This research examines the development of foreign investment-related regulations in the US, Japan, and the ROC since WWII, and does comparative analysis of the three countries based on permitted investment ratios and other characteristics. The findings of this study are as follows: 1.With the exception of a few industries, including shipping, ship building, fishing, and air transportation, all three countries now stand at comparable levels of openness with regard to permitted investment ratios. 2.The US experience with foreign investment may be divided into four stages: (1) foreign investment influx [1945-1972]; (2) foreign investment friction (initial phase) [1973-1979]; (3) foreign investment friction [1980-1988] (peak phase); and (4) foreign investment reduction [1989 to present]. Key elements of US laws related to foreign investment, such as Foreign Investment Study Act of 1974 and International Investment Survey Act of 1976, include disclosure requirement regarding foreign investor(s). 3.In the US, relevant national security laws, such as the 1988 Omnibus Trade and Competition Act [Exon-Florio], permit the President to prohibit foreign bids for specific US companies in key technology sectors such as electronic components, aircraft, and aircraft components. ROC firms investing in US companies within such sectors should pay particular attention to this Act. This Act also merits review by ROC legislators. 4.Pursuing its bid to become a key operations center for the Asia Pacific Region, the ROC on Taiwan has already stated its intent to clarify and define the legal parameters of foreign ownership in ROC companies. The new revision of the "Statute for Investment by Foreign Nationals" does not address this issue. When legislators do begin working on defining foreign investors, item1 in section 26 and item 13 in section 27 of Japan's "Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Law" may be referenced as a guide. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。