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題名 | 斯賓塞的體育思想(1820-1903)=Spencer's Thought of Physical Education (1820-1903) |
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作者 | 許光麃; Hsu, Kuang-piao; |
期刊 | 國立臺灣體育學院學報 |
出版日期 | 19990600 |
卷期 | 5(上) 民88.06 |
頁次 | 頁1-59 |
分類號 | 528.9 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 斯賓塞; 體育思想; 自然主義; 自然體育; Herbert Spencer; Physical education thought; Naturalism; Natural physical education; |
中文摘要 | 斯賓塞是十九世紀影響全球最重要的人物之一,他的論述包含生物學、心理學、 社會學及倫理學等,幾乎涵蓋全部的學問,是位博學的哲學家及思想家。本文旨在追溯斯賓 塞的時代背景與生平,闡述斯賓塞的體育思想淵源,分析斯賓塞的體育思想內涵,評價斯賓 塞體育思想的影響。 本文發現,由於家庭背景和個性使然,斯賓塞以自學而成名。處在科學時代,他的體育思想 源於自然主義及功利主義兩大體系。斯賓塞的體育思想以健康為目的,並以自然體育的健康 、自然、興趣、均衡、漸進、適度為原則;其個人之體育特質堅持以兒童為中心,強調體育 以科學為基礎,倡導女性平等運動的權利。斯賓塞的教育著作風行歐美,以致他的自然體育 思想上承歐洲自然體育,下啟美國自然體育;透過他的鼓吹,確立體育在學校的教育地位; 提倡科學課程的斯賓塞,也奠定體育與科學結合之基礎。 |
英文摘要 | Herbert Spencer is one of the most influential scholars of the 19th Century. His theories cover almost all academic fields such as biology, psychology, sociology, ethics, and others. Undoubtedly he is a super philosopher and a great thinker with an extensive learning background. This study traced back time into its social background and living environment to explain Spencer's thought and its origin, and analyzed the implications, as well as assessed the impact of Spencer's physical education thought to the late education system. In this study, we found that due to the family situation and his personality. Spencer had educated himself to come to fame. Being at the beginning of scientific era, his physical education thought obviously affected from the two main streams of thoughts, namely naturalism and utilitarianism. The objective of Spencer's physical education is the health. More specifically natural physical education of maintaining natural health, interest, balances, and gradual progress with and pertinent amount was advocated. He maintained that individual physical education should be scientific and focused on children. Furthermore, he promoted on no discrimination between sex on rights to receive physical education. Spencer's writings prevailed over Europe and the U.S.A. and his natural physical education idea was inherited in Europe and opened up its new territory in America. Owing to his encouragement, physical education firmed its position in general education system, and his advocacy of science laid a foundation for integration of science and physical education later. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。