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題 名 | 分子生物技術對精神醫學的影響=Impact of Molecular Biotechnology on Psychiatry |
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作 者 | 洪成志; | 書刊名 | 臺灣精神醫學 |
卷 期 | 13:2 1999.06[民88.06] |
頁 次 | 頁3-16 |
分類號 | 415.952 |
關鍵詞 | 分子生物技術; 精神疾病; 遺傳諮詢; 基因; Gene; Genetic counseling; Molecular biotechnology; Psychiatric disorders; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 分子生物技術從1970年代中期起展現其強大的威力,影響遍及農業、環保、海洋 生技、水產養殖、製造產程、基礎研究、醫藥衛生與精神醫學。Gusella et al. 以 DNA 標 記做基因連鎖分析,發現 Huntington's disease 的基因,隨後又有躁鬱症、精神分裂症及 失智症與某些基因座連鎖的研究報告,於是跳過組織生化的層面,利用分子生物技術直接尋 找精神疾病基因的位置,成為另一股研究的風潮。眾多候選基因亞型、次亞型及多型性的陸 續出現,使研究者可以從各種臨床分類檢視疾病與基因的關係;基因移轉動物使科學家可以 直接觀察到個別基因對動物行為的影響,進而推測人類精神疾病與行為的基因基礎;也可以 利用這種技術將己知的人類突變基因移轉到其他動物,以了解該基因的功能與疾病的生理生 化機轉,進而開發可以改變或控制疾病的藥物。失智症的基因逐一被找出來之後,晚發型遺 傳疾病的諮詢將逐漸成為精神科醫師的一大挑戰。筆者相信科學家會在未來的幾年內就找出 一部份精神分裂症或躁鬱症的基因,屆時精神科醫師在臨床上所面臨的問題,如:「我有沒 有精神分裂症的基因?」,「我的子女將來會不會得躁鬱症?」,「我的未婚妻(夫)的家 族有沒有精神疾病的基因?」等,將非常嚴肅卻難以迴避。 |
英文摘要 | Advances in molecular genetics and progress in mapping and sequencing the human genome has lead to an ever increasing role of molecular biotechnology in psychiatry. Although the use of DNA markers to hunt for genes associated with specific psychiatric diseases is a relatively new field of research, functional variations in a number of susceptibility genes have already been extensively explored. Several popular theories now assume that complex psychiatric disorders are likely to be associated with common polymorphisms. The use of transgenic techniques in animal studies have allowed molecular biology to be integrated with whole-animal physiology, creating an invaluable resource for understanding the molecular regulation of complex physiology and behavior. Progress in this area has been so rapid that treatments involving gene transfer have been undertaken in many somatic diseases. Effective animal models which mimick abnormal human behaviors may soon be available. Molecular insights into the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions have led to new therapeutic strategies. In the future comprehensive genotypic analysis, presymptomatic diagnosis, and advice on preventive measures may be advocated. Gene chips and cDNA subtraction are powerful tools which enable gene expression indicative of different psychiatric conditions to be differentiated. Genes that direct the development of the brain are being mapped, and many of them might serve as a new reservoir of candidate genes for psychiatric disorders. The hunt for genes that influence susceptibility to mental disorders is just one step toward improved clinical care. Advances in treatment will depend on understanding the ways in which these genes actually influence behavior and brain function. Problems related to genetic discrimination, misinterpretation of genetic data, genetic screening and the misuse of genetics for eugenic purpose are emerging and will exert a great impact on the legal, ethical and cultural organization of human society. The development of convenient techniques to perform mass screening for human genes will present a challenging issue of genetic counseling for late onset genetic diseases. Psychiatrists should prepare themselves to face the coming era of molecular psychiatry and molecular medicine. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。