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題名 | 以蒸發散與鹽份淋洗評估灌溉需水量=The Estimation of Irrigation Water from Evaportranspiration and Salt Leaching |
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作者姓名(中文) | 黃耿亮; 張文亮; | 書刊名 | 農業工程學報 |
卷期 | 45:2 1999.06[民88.06] |
頁次 | 頁63-74 |
分類號 | 434.2571 |
關鍵詞 | 灌溉需水量; 淋洗; Irrigation requirement; Leaching; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本省農業用水所面臨的問題,除了配水量的減少外,尚有水質鹽化的問題。農業 用水的減少,對具有潛在水污染地區,尤其在枯水期間將加重農田土壤劣化及作物損害的程 度。過去臺灣有關灌溉水質污染對農田或作物影響的探討,多以 EC 值作為污染研究指標, 而有關灌溉需水量的估算,亦多只考慮作物蒸散量、土壤蒸發量、田間滲漏及毛管水的補助 量等,並未對水質因素加以考慮。本文將依據土壤 -- 灌溉水鹽分 -- 水稻產量 -- 蒸發散 量之關係特性,由最基本之達西公式 -- 赫夫曼公式推導建立一個計算灌溉需水量之數學模 式,並以實驗獲得之相關參數帶入模式,提供作為田間灌溉需水量於不同灌溉水質鹽分濃度 時估算之用。此外,並將此模式應用於彰化農田水利會實際用水狀況,由模式模擬結果顯示 該地區計畫用水有配水不均之現象,部分地區因水質污染較為嚴重或供水不足有減產現象外 ;而未有減產現象之灌區,減少約 30% 之用水仍可維持作物產量。 |
英文摘要 | The reduction of irrigation water and the pollution of water have been the agriculture problems we're facing in Taiwan. In the areas with water pollution problem, the reduction of irrigation water quantity will aggravate the soil damage and the crop failure, especially during dry season. In previous researches, EC was used as an indicator on the effect of farmland or crop by polluted irrigation water. Regarding the estimation of irrigation water requirement, most of them, only considered the factors of evaporation, transpiration and percolation of field without including water quality. In this article a model, based on the equation of Darcy and Hoffman, will be developed to provide for estimating of irrigation water requirement with different water qualities. Furthermore, will use this model on real case: the irrigation water usage at Chang-Hua area in 1995, to evaluate the yield effect on irrigation conditions. The result shows that in some areas, the corn yield were reduced due to serious water pollution or shortfall of water quantity, And in some areas, even with 30% reduction of irrigation water quantity, they still can keep up their yield. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。