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題名 | 族裔社群權利理論:Vernon Van Dyke的理論建構=The Theory of Ethnic Community Rights: Vernon Van Dyke's Theory Construction |
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作者 | 陳秀容; | 書刊名 | 政治科學論叢 |
卷期 | 10 1999.06[民88.06] |
頁次 | 頁131-169 |
分類號 | 571.9 |
關鍵詞 | 人權; 族裔社群權利; 個人權利; 少數權利; Vernon Van Dyke; Human rights; Ethnic community rights; Individual rights; Minority rights; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 西方立憲自由主義對於「個人」情有獨鍾的關切,對團體或集體的刻意忽略,美 國政治學者 Vernon Van Dyke 提出了批評。他認為,在人類生活的實際經驗�堙A「個人」 與政府或國家進行直接的互動,只是生活中的一小部分;事實上「個人」往往還以隸屬於各 種不同的團體的「成員身份」在生活著。他從若干異質性的社會摘取了他們對待境內不同文 化的團體或「少數」的實際措施,包括政府的代表性、社會利益的分配、勢力範圍或領土的 劃分等措施, 結合他對個人與團體、 與國家互動關係的理解, 建構了「族裔社群權利( ethnic communities rights )理論」。 Van Dyke 主張凡依據種族、語言、宗教等因素, 自成為一種獨特的團體者,都應該可以成為人權的權利主體;此外,原住民因其特殊的文化 背景,也應該成為人權的權利主體。 Van Dyke 以實際的經驗資料、敏銳的觀察,以及系統 性的分析,結合了實然與應然,發展出族裔社群權利的概念,試圖為人權理論提出增補的一 頁。本文乃就 Van Dyke 的相關主張進行耙梳,並提出若干討論與反省。 |
英文摘要 | Political theorist Vernon Van Dyke contends that liberal-democratic theory, when focusing exclusively on the unique importance and autonomy of the “ individual ”, has failed to provide an adequate human rights theory of the relationship between the individual, ethnic communities and the state. This interaction is only a small part of the life of the individual and the state. In fact, the individual interacts with the state and society through his or her membership in different kinds of groups, and especially through membership in racial, religious and linguistic communities. Contractarian, utilitarian, and natural rights theories of government are all individualist prescriptions that are unable theoretically and empirically to cope with the serious problems arising from discrimination against ethnic communities in many parts of the world. Consequently, Van Dyke introduces the notion of “ ethnic community rights ” or “ group rights ” and argues, persuasively, that ethnic groups, identified by race, language, religion, or indigeneity, in addition to individuals, should be acknowledged as right-and-duty-bearing units of human rights. He proceeds to cite historical precedents and modern practices to support his thesis. He draws illustrations from heterogeneous societies in which cultural communities are corporately recognized in systems of political representation, in the distribution of social benefits, or in the assignment of territory within which the communities enjoys complete or partial autonomy. Van Dyke suggests that the theory of ethnic community rights would supplement human rights theories and provide a more satisfactory doctrinal basis for some actual practices. This article will review Van Dyke's doctrine about ethnic community rights. In addition, some questions and reflections on the theory of ethnic community rights will be offered. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。