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題名 | 擬似三維海岸水動力計算模式=A Quasi-Three-Dimensional Coastal Hydrodynamic Model |
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作 者 | 吳仁友; 黃良雄; 宋長虹; | 書刊名 | 港灣技術 |
卷期 | 14 1999.06[民88.06] |
頁次 | 頁17-45 |
分類號 | 440.137 |
關鍵詞 | 水動力計算模式; 潮汐; 洋流; 垂直流速分佈; Hydrodynamic model; Tide; Current; Vertical velocity distribution; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本研究參考Nihoul(1997)(1)所提之計算概念將三維的海岸水動力計算問題分成水平二維及垂向一維的計算,以發展擬似三維海岸水動力計算模式。模式中水平二維計算乃參考Leendertse and Liu(1973, 1975)(2)(3)發展之空間離散方法並以顯性正規蛙躍法(leap frog method)處理。垂直一維計算利用Crank-Nicholson計算方法並依Lardner and Cekirge(1988)(4)發展之求解步驟,求得經水平二維計算後已知水深平均流速點之垂直流速剖面。本研究將一般應用有限差分法之海岸水動力模式在開放邊界上的限制加以改良,使得開放邊界上的網格可呈不規則的形狀,且在輸入值方面,將原先一般開放邊界只能輸入潮位變化而假設流速梯度為零者,改進成不但可以輸入潮位亦可輸入流速,使其較適用於台灣海岸有洋流經過的真實情況。 本研究以流速空間三維結構明顯之有限深度艾克曼螺族(Ekman spiral)驗證,得到與解析相吻合的結果,證明了模式的可信程度甚佳。而且以外加流速的方式來模擬�甯y情況在新竹香山沿海的計算實例中,得到的結果除了能顯現出流場的局部變化外,連地形變化所造成的影響都能表現出來。相較於黃等(1995)(5)以抬高南方邊界水位模擬�甯y所得流場結果顯得過於均勻的情況,顯示本研究外加流速的處理方式確能提供有洋流經過的台灣海岸更合理的模擬。 |
英文摘要 | Referring to Nihoul(1997)(1)the present study develops a quasi three dimensional coastal hydrodynamic model by splitting three dimensional computation of coastal hydrodynamics into horizontal two dimensional and vertical one dimenional computation. Space discretization method given by Leenderse and Liu(1973, 1975)(2)(3)and explicit leap frog scheme are applied to horizontal two dimensional computation, while Lardner and Cekirge's(1988)procedure and Crank-Nicholson scheme are used to obtain vertical velocity profile after horizontal two dimensional model were proceeded. This study improves the constrains of open boundary conditions of the common coastal hydrodynamic models that used the finite difference method, hence more freedoms are allowed at the open boundary. The geometry of the open boundary is now improved to irregular coordinated. And in order to capture the real phenomena of the appearing of stationary current near the coast of Taiwan, the original constraint that allows only tidal input and zero velocity gradient at open boundary condition is released and both tide and current can be given at the open boundary. The finite depth Ekman spiral which has obvious three dimensional velocity structure is used to check our model. The numerical result matches the analytical solution well. Further, by adding current velocity at the open boundary to simulate Siang-San coastline near Hsin-Chu, we get more reasonable result than the one artificially raising sea elevation at the southern side given by Huang et al. (1995)(5). This truly indicates that the present model is more proper to simulate coastal areas with current such as those in Taiwan. |
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