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題 名 | 《老子》政治思想的開展--從「道」與幾個概念談起=The Political Thought of 《Lao Tsu》 |
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作 者 | 林俊宏; | 書刊名 | 政治科學論叢 |
卷 期 | 10 1999.06[民88.06] |
頁 次 | 頁171-194 |
分類號 | 570.920131 |
關鍵詞 | 老子; 政治思想; 道; 虛; 靜; 反; 弱; 無為; 自然; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | <老子>的政治思想是一組系統化的概念的連結:以「道」作為整個思想的指導, 復次在「道體」和「道用」兩個主要面向上呈現,前者描述了「道」作為一個「本體」的概 念, 後者則涉及了「道」作為「規律」的意含,顯然地,< 老子 > 一書的政治思想主要是 從「道用」的層次出發,然而不時又再向「道體」回歸; 「反」與「弱」談到了 < 老子 > 政治思想中的「消極」到「積極」的機轉,由「反」到「常」談的不是對立,而是一種關於 本源的返復.「弱」強調的是對於人為事物的影響力的消解,為回歸自然的秩序預舖道路; 「虛靜」的重點在於「觀復」,「觀復」則能「知常」,同樣的,「虛靜」復有治術上的強 調意含,「嗇」談的是一種「早服」與「蓄積」亦即「圖其根然後營末」之意;「無為」是 < 老子 > 政治思想的主要概念,呈現出四個面向的開展;< 老子 > 的政治思想正是在這些 概念的連結下,試圖形塑一個「道治」的秩序。 |
英文摘要 | <Lao Tsu> ,as the most important text of Taoist School in pre-Ch'in times, was undoubtedly written down for political discourse. We can analyze the political thought of <Lao Tsu> by discussing several concepts. Fist of all, “ tao ” has the meaning of “ being ” as well as “ application ”. The former also denotes “ origin ”,the latter “ rule ” or “ the way ”. There is somewhat “ negative thinking ” in <Lao Tsu> which emerges from the concepts “ Fan ” (opposition then return) and “ Ruo ” (weakness). These two concepts deal with the action (or doing) of tao-to dispel (“ sun ” - 損 ). In the discourse of <Lao Tsu>, to dispel means to weaken the influence of power (in a broad sense)and to return to “ the way ”. The concepts “ xiu ” (void, emptiness) and “ jing ” (still, on its own) emphasize the understanding of motion and the comprehension of the holly normal- “ ch'ang ” (常 ). By the understanding and comprehension, they also exemplify the skills to rule. “ Se ” has the significance to restrain or to prepare. By comparison with “ xiu ” and “ jing ”, “ se ” has somehow dialectically the positive implication. “ Non-action ”, being the most important concept in <Lao Tsu>, unfolds itself from four dimensions which reveal the spectrum of political doings. The political thought of <Lao Tsu> claims a balanced and harmonious order that can be built by the meaningful connection amid the concepts talked above. Owing to this perspective, we may name the constructed order of <Lao Tsu> as “ tao-chih ” order (to rule of tao). |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。