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題名 | 應用裹覆肥料對茄科蔬菜產量及環境之影響=Effect of Coated Compound Fertilizer on Yields of Solanaceous Vegetables and Its Environment |
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作者姓名(中文) | 吳登琳; 今井秀夫; | 書刊名 | 中國園藝 |
卷期 | 44:3 1998.09[民87.09] |
頁次 | 頁349-362 |
分類號 | 435.27 |
關鍵詞 | 裹覆肥料; 一般的常用單質肥料; 硝酸態氮; 泥炭蘚; Coated compound fertilizer; Straight fertilizer; NO[feb0]; Peatmoss; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本報告是採日本進口一種新的裏覆肥料(Coated compound fertilizer, CCF)內含14-12-14%之N-P2O5-K2肥料成份與尿素及硫銨等一般的常用單質肥料(Straight fertilizer, SF)作比較,研討施用此二種性質不同肥料對番茄與辣椒茄科作物果實產量及氮肥效率之影響。育苗土介質中施有100天期與140天期肥效全釋山形態之裏覆肥料,對番茄與辣椒幼苗全期生長並未因介質中含鹽份過高而生長受阻,反而于定植後,初期生長迅速且植株生質生產量均為育苗土未施用之植株的1.5倍。比較含氮肥110kg/ha之裏覆肥料直接施於育苗土之處理與施含氮肥220kg/ha之一般的常用單質肥料處理木,番茄鮮果生產量相同。此外若將裏肥料氮肥施肥量由110kg/ha提升至147kg/ha,且肥料施用比照一般的常用單質肥料施入栽培畦中之方式,番茄果實之總生產量反而減少20%。辣椒試區之果實產量都維持在30噸/ha左右,但施用裏覆肥料對此作物試區中不同處理間之果實生產量,分析統計結果均無顯著性差異。將裏覆肥料直接施入育苗土內,對番茄作物可達80%以上之氮素吸收效率,而使用一般的常用單質肥料之氮素效率則只有40%,約60%之氮肥由作物栽培田流失。另辣椒作物施用裏肥料之氮素利用效率也超過80%以上,但採用一般的常用單質肥料施用結果將導致45%以上的氮肥流失。番茄與辣椒施用裏覆肥料不僅可提高氮肥效率、減少蔬菜栽培田裡肥料之大量流失污染生態環境。並且也會降低蔬菜經濟栽培之生產成本,因此應用此氮肥管理技術之改進將有益今後蔬菜作物之研究發展方向帶入更嶄新,寬廣的農業永續性栽培。 |
英文摘要 | A coated compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O: 14-12-14, CCF) was compared with an ordinary straight fertilizer (SF) such as urea and ammonium sulfate in its effect on both tomato and chili pepper yields and the utilization efficiency by these crops. Seedlings which received coated compound fertilizer of 100 days and 140 days dissolution types in their media did not show any growth retardation due to the so-called salt effect throughout the seedlings stage, and produced about 1.5 times as much biomass as those without receiving it. When CCF was applied directly to seedling media, only a half amount of CCF (N-110kg/ha) could produce tomato yields comparable to those of a full amount of SF applied (N-220kg/ha). However, even if the application rate of CCF was increased form 110kg/ha to 147kg/ha of N, the tomato yield decreased by 20% compared with SF when it was applied not to the seedling media, but to cultivation beds in the same manner compared with SF when it was applied not to the seedling media, but to cultivation beds in the same manner as SF. CCF was similarly effective in the chili pepper, and produced nearly 30 ton/ha in almost all the plots without statistically significant difference among the treatments. More than 80% of CCF applied to the seedling media was utilized by tomato while at most, 40% of SF was absorbed by tomato, and the rest of the SF applied would be leached out of vegetable fields to its environment. In chili pepper, similarly the crop could utilize more than 80% of CCF applied, but nearly 45% of SF applied would be lost before being absorbed by the crop. Accordingly, CCF can not only minimize leaching-loss of eutrophied nutrients from vegetable fields, but also may reduce the total production cost of vegetables to a great extent. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。