頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 臺灣昆蟲保育研究之發展及瀕危、珍稀保育類昆蟲簡介=Review on the Development of Insect Conservation, Endangered and Rare Insects in Taiwan |
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作 者 | 楊平世; | 書刊名 | 動物園學報 |
卷 期 | 10 1998.06[民87.06] |
頁 次 | 頁57-78 |
分類號 | 385.705 |
關鍵詞 | 昆蟲保育; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 昆蟲乃動物界中種類和數量最多之類群,在生態系、經濟利用、研究、教育、宗 教及文學、藝術和娛樂上,均有其重要之角色。臺灣產昆蟲之記載,始自西元1684年之方 志;科學性之描述則起於1850年代。在1850~1900年間,臺灣昆蟲資源之研究以歐美人士 為主;及至日人據臺至1945年臺灣光復期間,已有更多之人力其中多數為日人投入此方面 之研究,而為臺灣昆蟲學研究奠定基礎。在1945~1980年間,國人之研究重點以經濟昆蟲 學為主;有關昆蟲相及昆蟲資源和保育研究,在1980年代以後,於行政院國家科學委員會 、農業委員會、內政部營建署(國家公園)及環境保護署之支援下,始有較大之進展。然 而,目前宥於經費及人力之限制,全面性、有計劃性及持續性之昆蟲資源調查和保育研 究,亟待努力。以昆蟲保育研究為例,在 1980~1990年間,所發表之研究報告尚不及20篇 ;建議政府及學界今後應重視此方面之發展。 在昆蟲保育名錄方面,1935年日人首將寬尾鳳蝶(Agehana maraho Shiraki and Sonan)列為 天然紀念物;1989年8月4日農委會公告「保育類野生動物名錄」;在23種瀕臨絕種動 物名單中,有3種為昆蟲。另外,尚有15種昆蟲則被列為珍貴、稀有動物。這些動物均受 同年6月23日公佈實施之「野生動物保育法」所保護。 1850~1900年間,臺灣昆蟲資源之利用以專家學者之研究及博物館之收藏為主;昆蟲標本 之商業性利用則始自1906年;惟在第二次世界大戰時式微。在1945年臺灣光復至1960年 代,為臺灣昆蟲企業之鼎盛時期,年外銷總額在3000萬美元以上;但在1970年代末期, 又告式微,年外銷總值遽降為200萬美元。至1980年代末期,外銷幾乎停頓,國內以此為 業者僅存8家,且悉為小規模經營。本文除探討此業之盛衰,利用現況外,並就未來發展 和應注意問題提出建議。另外,本文並探索臺灣有用昆蟲、昆蟲資源—包括家蠶、蜜蜂、 食用及中藥昆蟲,和天敵昆蟲之利用概況及未來展望。同時,亦就未來昆蟲資源應用在 觀光遊憩和國民科學教育上提出建議。 |
英文摘要 | Among the animals, insects are the most abundant taxon in numbers and species. They still play an important role in ecosystem, economic utilization, research education, even though in religion, literature, arts and recreation. The first mention of insect in literature in Twiwan was 1684. But the scientific description of insects in Taiwan was from 1850s. During 1850 to 1900, most of the researchers of insect resources were Europeans. From 1900 to 1945, more and more Japanese had joined to the research of insect resources. Owing during 1945 to 1980, most of the research focused on the economic entomology, so the research of insect resources and conservation was still neglected. From 1980 some projects on the insect resources and conservation were sponsored by the Notional Science Council, Council of Agriculture, Department of Interior (National Parks), and Envirommental Protection Agency of Exective Yuan. But, because of the limitation of man-power and bugget, now it is still lack of a broad dimentional, good planning, constant project on the insect resources and conservation. So the total papers on the insect conservation from 1980 to 1990 wasn't over 20. In 1935, Japan-occuppied government first listed one species of swallow-tailed butterfly, Agehana maraha Shiraki and Sonan-as an endangered species of animal. Until on 4 Sep. 1989, 3 species of butterflies were listed on the name list of 23 species of endangered animals which announced by Council of Agriculture. On the other hand, 15 species of other insects were listed as the rare species of animals. All of these species are protected by the "Protective Law of Wild Animals" from then. On the dimension of utilization of insect resources, from 1850 to 1900, most of the purpose of utilization for the museum and research collections. And the utilization for commercial use had started from 1906. But it had declined during the 2nd World War. From 1945 to 1960s, the utilization of insect resources, especially on the butterflies had reached to the peak, then the total export trade was about US$30 million per year. But from 1960s to 1970s, the commercial utilization gradually declined to only US$2 million per year. To 1980s, the utilization of insect resources for the export trade nearly to stop. In this paper, the impact between the conservation and utilization of insect resources was discussed. As meanwhile, some suggestions for the useful and beneficial insects, even though the insect resources for application on sightseeing and science education were mentioned too. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。