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題 名 | 美國「分立性政府」與「一致性政府」體制運作之比較與評析=Comparison and Evaluation of Divided and Unified Government in the United States |
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作 者 | 吳重禮; | 書刊名 | 政治科學論叢 |
卷 期 | 9 1998.06[民87.06] |
頁 次 | 頁61-89 |
分類號 | 574.52 |
關鍵詞 | 分立性政府; 一致性政府; 選票分裂投票模式; 在職者優勢; 政黨政府; Divided government; Unified government; Split-ticket voting; Incumbency advantage; Party government; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 自從一九六八年以降,皆立性府型態已成為美聯邦政府與地方政府普遍存在的現象。本旨在檢視分立性府與一致性政府的肇因與運作情形。關於分立性政府的肇因,研究者嘗試提供各項因素以解釋選民裂選票的投票行為,然而迄今尚未發展出周全的解釋。除論述各家學說及其優缺之外,本文亦嘗試提出綜合性觀合,以期得到一較為周延的解釋。至於分立性政府是否導致政策滯塞,亦是學界爭議的焦點。經由分析美國政府體制與政黨結的雙重面向,本文以為分立性政府並無必然導致政治運作的僵局。然然,關於美國分立性政府的肇因及其所導致的影響,皆是值得研究繼續關注的課題。在結語中,本文認為分立性政府的相關議題或許可為我國政治學界研究臺灣地區政治發展的另一領域。 |
英文摘要 | Since 1968, the phenomenon of divided government at eh federal and local levels in the United States has come to seem normal. This study concentrates on both the causes and consequences of divided and unified government. Concerning the causes of divided government, researchers developed some distinct approaches to the study of split-ticket voting behavior, but none of them provided a comprehensive explanation. In addition to summarizing the strengths and weaknesses of distinct approaches, this study offers a synthetic interpretation of divided government. Just as not knowing the causes of divided government, the question about the consequences of divided government-does gridlock arise under divided government? -remains contentious. By analyzing the dual dimensions of government institution and party structure, I conclude that divided government does not necessarily produce gridlock in either policy or process. This essay also judges how far these political scientists take us toward a theory that explicates the causes and consequences of divided government, and these questions can be viewed as an opportunity to develop and test further theories of American politics. In conclusion, I try to make predictions about the plausible development of divided government in Taiwan. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。