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題 名 | 層別法於多種情況下最適抽樣之建構=Certain Further Aspects of Stratification are Constructed for Optimal Sampling |
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作 者 | 盧昆宏; | 書刊名 | 高雄科學技術學院學報 |
卷 期 | 28 1998.12[民87.12] |
頁 次 | 頁383-392 |
分類號 | 494.56 |
關鍵詞 | 品管手法; 分層; 層別法; 分層權重; 多變數層別; Quality control tools; Stratum; Stratification; Stratum weight; Multiple variables of stratification; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 品管手法中之層別法係依產品之原料,或生產之機械,或操作人員或操作方法… 等因素,分別來蒐集數據進而找出其間的差異,並針對差異再加以改善的方法。簡言之,為 區別各種不同原因對於結果之影響,而以個別原因為主體,分別作統計分析的方法謂之層別 法。該品管方法在 1996 年以前僅被用於教導現場實務人員對製程因素之分類而已,並沒有 去探討分層後蒐集數據時之檢驗成本及各層的最適抽驗個數應該為多少才可以達到產品預期 之出廠變異數,及滿足最低的抽驗成本。直到 Chang & Lu(1996) 引入一線性成本函數,而 建構出一套最適之層別程序,在該程序推導出當平均數之變異數固定時,最適之抽驗個數; 以及當總檢驗成本固定時之最適抽驗個數。然而,時至今日仍沒有文獻去探討,於現場進行 產品品質改善而進行層別時,需同時考慮數個變數時之最適抽樣數及各層平均值之期望值與 變異數等問題。另外,層別後實際抽驗與最適抽樣之間的誤差,以及母體貝特定分層比例時 ,其各分層的最適抽樣數應為何等均沒有被討論過。因此,在本文將透過統計理論之推導, 計算出層別後實際抽驗與最適抽樣之間的誤差及其均方誤 (MSE),按著,探討母體中各分層 具特定比例時之最適抽樣數,最後導出多變數層別時之最適抽樣數之公式,並探討其性質, 俾供品質追蹤與改善之用。 |
英文摘要 | The quality of products is often influenced by the following factors: materials, components, equipment, operators, operating methods, climate, humidity, and so on. The quality can be improved only by digging out the real causes. An approach called stratification can be used to describe the systematic subdivision of population or process. Proper stratification shows the root causes of the problem and leads the way for the establishment of proper countermeasures. Chang & Lu (1996) proposed a prac atification procedure to infer the sampling number of each stratum by keeping the variance of the estimated mean constant or infer the sampling number of each stratum by keeping the sampling cost. There is still no concrete implementation procedure of multiple variables of stratification to data. Consequently, in this research, author synthesize the concept of quality management, process improvement, and statistics to provide a practical multiple variables stratification model. The model is to introduce a linear cost function to study the optimum sampling number of each stratum in multiple variables stratification. Using the multiple criteria stratification model that people would attain the purpose of tracing and improving production quality. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。