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題名 | 馬克思平等觀的析評=A Critical Analysis of Marx's Concept of Equality |
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作 者 | 洪鎌德; | 書刊名 | 中山學術論叢 |
卷期 | 17 1999.06[民88.06] |
頁次 | 頁31-51 |
分類號 | 549.4 |
關鍵詞 | 自由; 平等; 社會分工; 資本主義; 社會主義; 共產主義; 配當性的正義; 社群; 自我實現; Freedom; Equality; Social division of labour; Cpaitalism; Socialism; Communism; Distributive justice; Community; Self-realization; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 馬克思把人當成為經營社群生活、自由與自主的直接生產者,因之,他抨擊資本主義是一種扼殺人性、抑制人的生產能力之剝削制度。假使把自由與平等當成人類追求的最高價值來看待,那麼他寧願捨平等,而取自由。不過作為一位社會主義者,馬克思總不兔注視社會不公不平所造成的社會階梯化與階級的敵峙。是故反對分工與取消私產反應了他某種程度的平等觀。本文分析青年馬克思與恩格斯對平等的看法,按著析述中年與晚年的馬克思對平等觀的批判,而在結論中指出馬克思忽視平等的問題,對鼓舞無產階級搞革命奪政權無助,更何況平等的問題涉及的主體不只是階級,也存在兩性、種族、國家之間。平等的爭議不只是社會、經濟、法政的課題,更牽涉到馬克思一生追求的理想──人的自我實現與人的解放──之落實底問題。 |
英文摘要 | Marx's idea of man is an autonomous, free, creative being who realizes himself as an individual with manifold capacities and all-round development in a classless and de-alienated community. Marx condemns capitalism as a socioeconomic system which thwarts human potential of production and creativity. Thus for him the highest goal, the mankind seek after, is not equality but liberty. This essy treats chronologically Marx's and Engels' conception of equality. It starts with Marx's view of equality and "self-conciousness" in his early years. It follows Engels' critique of the bourgeois equality. In his middle age, Marx expounds and analyzes the so-called social justice and equal return on the part of workers under the capitalist production. In the critique of the "Gotha Programme" the old Marx attacks the idea of distributive justice and equal rights initiated by the Social Democrats. In his view only in the second phase of post-revolutionary society the principle of "From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs" prevails. On the contrary, in the earlier phase the socialist society has to apply the principle "From each according to his abilities, to each according to the amount of work performed." In conclusion, the author evaluates Marx's concept of equality by discussing his indifference to the problem of inequality between genders, ethnicities and nation-states and its relevance to the present-day world. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。