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題名 | 「伴隨心身症的不登校兒」之心身醫學探討=Psychosomatic Medicine Study About the Non-Attendence School Children with Psychosomatic Disease |
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作 者 | 石明英; | 書刊名 | 東臺灣特殊教育學報 |
卷期 | 1 1998.09[民87.09] |
頁次 | 頁165-193 |
分類號 | 415.9511 |
關鍵詞 | 伴隨心身症的不登校兒; 心身醫學; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 近年來在日本有許多的學生們,因為心理的因素使他們藉著身體症狀的理由不去上學而待在家中,進而產生家庭暴力事件,此現象在日本已造成相當嚴重的社會問題,引起有關單位的重視。 根據日本文部省(相當於我國的教育部)於平成6年(1995年)公佈的「學校調查報告書」中指出平成4年及平成5年度,在中小學裡長期缺席(50日以上)的學生人數如下:小學部份,於平成4年度(1993年)是30,997人, 其不上學的理由方面,以生病為由者有15,623人占50.4%。 以討厭學校為由者有10,449人占33.7%。於平成5年度長期缺席者有31,521人, 其中以生病為由者有14,995人占47.6%,以討厭學校為由者有11,469人占36.4%,由這些結果看來,平成5年度長期缺席者較多些,而其理由以身體疾病多於討厭學校。而在中學部校份, 於平成4年長期缺席(50日以上)者共有75,771人,以生病為由有17,607人占 23.2%,以討厭學校為由者有47,526人占62.7%,而在平成5年度之長期缺席者有77,706人,其中以生病為由者有17,046人,占21.9%,以討厭學校為由者有49,212人占63.3%,由此結果可以得知進入中學後不願上學者激增,而且其理由以討厭學校為多。 這些長期缺席不願上學, 而留在家中者,在此以「不登校兒(non-attendence school child)」稱之。這些不登校兒,往往於早晨會以身體的症狀如:頭痛、頭暈、全身無力、疲倦、微燒、腹痛、心悸、早晨起不了床……等自律神經失調症狀為由而不上學,也不出門留在家中,但是於傍晚學校放學的時段,則精神良好也會外出和同學、朋友一起玩,一點也顯現不出有身體不適之情形。此外,有些不登校兒甚至會有日夜生活顛倒,一夜不睡聽音樂、玩電視遊樂器……等,隔日上午無精打彩,若催促他去上學,則引起暴怒,以母親或弟妹為出氣筒,亂打家人通常以母親為主,或亂拋、破壞家中物品等以暴力傾向的行為問題,作為其發洩怒氣的手段,而此現象則導致其家人和不登校兒產生對立緊張不安的氣氛,家人束手無策時,只得求助於外界。因此,這些不登校兒所造成的社會問題,除了學校教育單位外,也引起醫學界,社會福利……等各界的注意,及連手面對此問題,共同研究不登校兒的預防和治療輔導的對策方式。 |
英文摘要 | Recently, in Japan, there are many children got mental factors or mental problems so that they couldn't adapt school life well and they were even afraid of going to school. These children always complained that they got symptoms of dysautonomia, like headache, abdominal pain, vertigo, fatigue, uneasiness...etc. They didn't want to go to school, they just wanted to stay home. In Japan we call these children "non-attendence school children". This study discussed about the definition of non-attendence school, classification of non-attendence school, the process of non-attendence school, and the different factors of the non-attendence school children. Those who got different physical reactions or psychosomatic disease, this study has mentioned some treatments, such as psychological therapy, physical examination, and drug therapy. The study also concluded some methods to (1) help those children and their partents to improve their relationships, (2) help them to improve teacher-student relationship, (3) facilitate classmates' friendship in school, and (4) recover their psychical pathology to raise their quality of life. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。