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題 名 | 「平常心是道」與「中隱」="Ordinary Human Nature is Buddha-Nature" and "The Middling Hermit" |
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作 者 | 賈晉華; | 書刊名 | 漢學研究 |
卷 期 | 16:2=32 1998.12[民87.12] |
頁 次 | 頁317-349 |
分類號 | 226.6 |
關鍵詞 | 洪州禪; 唐代; 中隱; 身心合一; 閑適詩人群; Hung-chou ch'an; The t'ang dynasty; The middling hermit; Recombination of the mind and body; Leisurely poets; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文旨在探討佛教南宗禪洪州宗對白居易( 772-846 )「中隱」說及唐東都閑適 詩人群之影響。全文分為三部分。 第一部分考論道一( 709-788 )在牛頭、石頭諸祖之影 響下,於大曆 7 年至 10 年間( 772-775 )開創洪州宗,提出「平常心是道」之中心命題 ,消除了自然人性與清淨佛性的對立,將般若世俗化與實踐化。第二部分考述白居易與洪州 及牛頭、石頭諸多禪僧之交往及其「中隱」說之提出。此說融合儒道釋,而以「平常心是道 」說為基礎,形成一種新居士精神,強調身與心之自然合一,與傳統朝隱觀之強調身與心的 分離不同。中隱之士在洛陽擔任閑官,在私家園林中過著適意任心的生活,寫著怡樂閑適的 詩歌,同時還獲得精神上的超脫體驗。第三部分論述「中隱」說對東都閑適詩人群的影響。 白居易於 829-846 年間中隱東都時,許多士大夫追隨他, 從而形成一個以老人及閑官為主 體之詩人群, 包括劉禹錫( 772-842 )、李紳( 772-846 )、裴度( 765-839 )、牛僧 孺( 780-848 )等重要人物。這一詩人群的生活情趣與創作傾向皆與白居易接近。 |
英文摘要 | In this article, I propose to describe the relationship between the Hung-chou Branch of the Southern School of Ch'an Buddhism and the group of leisurely poets in Lo-yang, the eastern capital of the T'ang Dynasty, of which Pai Chu-i (772-846) was the central figure. Since there are still many unresolved questions about the Hung-chou Branch, I begin with a study of this branch. First, drawing upon available Ch'an Buddhist sources, I am able to fix the dates for the establishment of the Hung-chou Branch by Tao-i (709-788) at 772-775. Second, I define the basic concept of the branch as "ordinary human nature is Buddha-nature," which posits that human nature, good or evil, equals Buddha-nature, making Ch'an Buddhism a practice of acquiring transcendent experience through secular life. Third, based on concrete evidence, I propose that Tao-i was profoundly influenced by the Ch'an patriarchs of the Niu-t'ou and Shih-t'ou Branches. The second part of the article explains how this basic concept of Hung-chou Ch'an influenced Pai Chu-i's concept of "the middling hermit." The traditional idea of "eremitism in officialdom" emphasized the detachment of mind from body--the body at the court and the mind in the mountains. Pai wiped out this detachment and recombined the mind and body into one. "The middling hermit" occupied a leisurely official post in Lo-yang and led a comfortable and self-indulgent life in his private garden, writing joyful poems, yet acquiring transcendent experience of eremitism. This concept of eremitism was supported by the Ch'an thought of the Hung-chou Branch. The third part of the article describes the impact of Pai's concept on the group of leisurely poets in Lo-yang. While Pai was a "middling hermit" there from 829 to 846, many official-poets followed him, forming a poets' group that included great names such as Liu Yu-hsi (772-842), Li Shen (772-846), P'ei Tu (765-839) and Niu Seng-ju (780-848). The life styles and poetry of the members of this group show the same inclinations as those of Pai Chu-i. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。