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題名 | 大陸土地使用權抵押制度之研究=A Study of Mainland China's Land Utilization Right Mortgage System |
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作者 | 許光泰; Hsu, Kuang-tai; |
期刊 | 中國大陸研究 |
出版日期 | 19981000 |
卷期 | 41:10 1998.10[民87.10] |
頁次 | 頁5-23+93 |
分類號 | 584.26 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 擔保; 抵押; Security; Mortgage; |
中文摘要 | 抵押制度是隨生產資料私有制而發展起來,因此,大陸建政近五十年內,抵押 制度實行非常短暫,特別是土地抵押,並不認同此項制度。究其原因,可能同馬克思主義 者反對土地抵押有關。大陸制定「擔保法」,立法理由說是為「促進資金融通和商品流通 」、「保障債權的實現」以及「發展社會主義市場經濟」。其中,「發展社會主義市場經 濟」較無實際意義,應屬口號重於實際,立法重點應該在於「保障債權的實現」。大陸考 慮的重點應在於銀行不願意在毫無擔保的情況下貸款,而銀行不願意貸款,主要是近幾年 合同履約率越來越低,債務不能履行現象普遍存在,拖欠貸款和拖欠數額逐年增多,甚至 形成「欠債有理」的現象,雖然大陸政府曾進行限制和干預,但是效果仍然不大。不過, 大陸制定實現低押權的相關法規中,有意以拍賣為主要方式,既公開又透明,公平合理地 保護抵押當事人雙方利益,其實現低押權方式趨向法制化應予肯定。 |
英文摘要 | The basis for the development of a mortgage system is private ownership of the means of production. Therefore, until recently, the mortgage system has not been implemented in Mainland China since the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949. The Beijing government has disapproved of land mortgage in particular probably because of Marxists' objections. Its reasons for the institution of the Security Law include promoting the loan market and commodity circulation, guaranteeing the realization of creditor's rights, and developing the socialist market economy. Of these, "developing the socialist market economy" appears to be a slogan of no practical significance. Thus, the true emphasis should be on the realization of creditor's rights. That mainland banks are unwilling to make loans without security should have been Beijing's chief consideration. Their loan contract fulfillment ratios have continued to decline in recent years. Delays of loan repayments have been prevalent and the total amount of unpaid loans have become higher and higher. Many debtors even think that it is right not to repay bank loans. Although Beijing has intervened and imposed certain restrictions, the banks' loan repayment ratios have shown little improvement. In formulation relevant regulations concerning the realization of mortgage rights, however, Beijing intends to make auctions the chief way to protect in an open, transparent, fair, and reasonable manner the interests of all parties involved in mortgages. Its efforts to institutionalize the protection of creditor's rights constitute a positive new trend. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。