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題 名 | Gender and Buddhism in Contemporary Taiwan--A Case Study of Tzu Chi Foundation=當代臺灣社會的性別與佛教: 慈濟功德會的個案研究 |
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作 者 | 盧蕙馨; | 書刊名 | 國家科學委員會研究彙刊. 人文及社會科學 |
卷 期 | 8:4 1998.10[民87.10] |
頁 次 | 頁539-550 |
分類號 | 220.15 |
關鍵詞 | 佛教; 女性價值; 母性; 女性化; 去性別化; Buddhism; Women's values; Motherhood; Feminization; Androginization; |
語 文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 本文探討現代佛教實踐中性別角色和形象變遷的面貌。田野資料為女性義工居多 數,社會影響力頗大的佛教慈濟功德會。作者經長期參與觀察其組織動力、團體規範和其社 會服務後發現,有「女性化」與「去性別化」兩種傾向存在於團體的人際互動中。「女性化 」是指女性主導組織的成立與拓展,包括對外勸募、宣傳與慈善服務,對內帶領訓練義工、 籌劃活動等等;同時,女性的家庭角色特質如慈悲、照顧、溫和、忍耐、利他也泛化為團體 的道德規範,母愛更成為佛教徒慈悲助人的象徵。「去性別化」是指在服務利他的宗教修行 目標下,慈濟兩性的角色分工與性別認同並不明顯,有角色互換的情形,甚至因義工們互稱 菩薩而呈現性別中性化的現象。 「女性化」與「去性別化」並存的矛盾代表佛教團體社會與宗教的兩種取向,或者世俗與神 聖兩種關懷,對人們皆同等重要。作者試圖提供一個異於政治、經濟、一般社會的宗教角度 ,以瞭解臺灣社會的變遷。佛教已融入許多人的個人和家庭生活中,發揮其重建性別的影響 力。 |
英文摘要 | This paper examines changing faces of gender in the light of Buddhist laywomen's religious experience in one of the most influential Buddhist sects in contemporary Taiwanese society, the Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation. I delineate two trends of gender representations through an in-depth observation of its structuring principles, its group ethics, and its religious practices. The first is the feminization of the group's social image. Women take the lead in group's promotion and voluntary work. Women's role attributes such as kindness, care, modesty, patience, and altruism are uplifted as the model manner in charity services. Maternal love is heightened to represent Buddha's boundless compassion. The second tendency is the androgynization, or degenderization, of Buddhist identities versus social identities. There are a great deal of exchange of roles, task assignments, and self-images between two genders. In their spiritual cultivation, men and women are required to abide by same rules and course of training. They show their fellowship by addressing each other Bodhisattva (pu sa, referring to the helper of good will), which is utterly gender-neutral. The coexistence of feminization and degenderization is an irony of the double-edged manifestation of Tzu Chi's social and religious orientations, or secular and divine concerns of equal importance to human beings. In this paper, I hope to present a perspective other than political, economic, and social ones on understanding Taiwanese society. Buddhism has become popular and has been integrated influentially into many people's personal and familial lives. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。