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題名 | 新醫學在臺灣的實踐(1898-1906)--從後藤新平《國家衛生原理》談起=The Practice of Modern Medicine in Colonial Taiwan (1898-1906): From Gotou Shinpei's Theory of State Hygiene |
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作者 | 范燕秋; Fann, Yen-chiou; |
期刊 | 新史學 |
出版日期 | 19980900 |
卷期 | 9:3 民87.09 |
頁次 | 頁49-86 |
分類號 | 410.092 |
語文 | chi |
關鍵詞 | 生物學概念; 社會達爾文主義; 國家主義; 熱帶醫學; 殖民主義; Biological notion; Social Darwinism; Nationalism; Tropical medicine; Colonialism; |
中文摘要 | 本文在探討日治初期後藤新平與臺灣新醫學發展的關係,後藤所謂生物學原則的 統治,是理解其相關脈絡的起點。就後藤的論著顯示,生物學說的重要意義在支持日本國家 主義的發展;生物學說也是一種科學的策略。後藤的「國家衛生論」就是希望運用此策略, 建立公共衛生,以增強國家發展機能。後藤新平轉任殖民地民政長官之後,生物學概念也發 揮類似的作用。臺灣風土疫病問題直接影響日人殖民的成敗,因此新醫學被運用以改善此問 題。殖民政府建立公共衛生,使新醫學朝向知識系統化及體制化發展;及發展熱帶醫學,以 協助日人適應臺灣風土.同時,施行廣泛的衛生活動,以控制疫病。在生物學概念下的殖民 地醫學活動,隱含另一層意義,具有支持殖民主義與帝國主義的作用。新醫學作為一種操控 機制,以保護殖民者為優先,支持殖民者在種族競爭上為優勝者;新醫學也鞏固臺灣經營, 有助於日本帝國的發展。 o展。 |
英文摘要 | Why and how modern medicine began to develop in Colonial Taiwan﹖This is the main concern of Gotou Shinpei's practice and idea of medicine in the 1880's, characterized by social Darwinism and nationalism. For Meiji Japan, biological notions about the competition between species and the survival of the fittest were applied to support nationalism. It can be called social Darwinism. Gotou as a health officer applied biological notions to public health, and formed a theory of state hygiene. He assumed that the nation had to struggle for survival, therefore the ways to strengthen the health of an organic nation were important. To him, the best policy was to establish a scientific health management, in which a well-coordinated national health system, professional administrators, and local governments functioned together, respecting old customs and gradually adopting the new policy. From 1898 to 1906, when Gotou was the chief civilian administrator of the Colonial government, the had great responsibility and power to consolidate the colonial policies. He thought that modern medicine and the traditional pao-chia system were useful in controlling epidemics and endemics in Taiwan, and biological laws should be applied. Therefore, health institutions were established and modern medicine was notably expanded. In order to assist the Japanese to acclimate to the colonial environment, Gotou especially endeavored to establish a tropical medicine. Upon the foundation of modern medicine, the Colonial government manipulated police and the pao-chia system to push forward sanitary campaigns. To Colonial Taiwan, biological notions provided a justification for colonialism and imperialism. Theories in modern medicine seemed to support Japan as superior in the race struggle, thus consolidating the colonial regime and contributing to Japan's imperial expansion. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。