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題 名 | 由涉及環境議題之GATT/WTO爭端解決小組報告論相關於環境之片面貿易措施之適用範圍與限制=The Legitimacy of Applying Unilateral Trade Related Environment Measures (TREMs): A Survey of Certain GATT/WTO Dispute Settlement Panel Reports |
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作 者 | 牛惠之; | 書刊名 | 經社法制論叢 |
卷 期 | 23 1999.01[民88.01] |
頁 次 | 頁163-198 |
分類號 | 445.9 |
關鍵詞 | 相關於環境之貿易措施; 貿易與環境; GATT第二十條; 小蝦海龜案; tREMs; Trade and environment; GATT article XX; Shrimp-turtle case; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文旨在探討片面地運用「相關於環境之貿易措施」以保護環境,在GATT/WTO自 由貿易體系下所可能引發之法律問題,並就GATT/WTO對此一議題在實體法之制定與實務運 作之發展論述「相關於環境之片面貿易措施」在GATT/WTO法律體系下之現行地位。本文共 分為三部分以處理此一議題,第一部分僅對GATT自由貿易體系之發展作概念性之介紹,以 使讀者瞭解自由貿易之基本原則與精神,以及環境議題如何與GATT之自由貿易體系產生關 聯;第二部分則著重在GATT/WTO法律架構下涉及環境保護之規範的發展,如GATT第二十條 等;GATT/WTO之實務運作,即爭端解決機制經由涉及「相關於環境之貿易措施」之案例對 於實體法運用所做之解釋則為本文第三部分之重點。限於篇幅,該部分中僅就GATT第三條 之「同類產品」、第二十條前言、第二十條(b)項之「必要」(necessary)原則之意義,包 括對科學證明與國際環境法之「預防原則」(precautionary principle)之援引、第二十條 (g)項之要件,以及運用片面貿易措施處理該國管轄領域外之環境問題等重點議題做進一步 分析。 |
英文摘要 | To deal with the relationship between "trade-related environmental measures" (TREMs) and the free trade regime of GATT/WTO, this article is divided into three parts. First part attempts to address in general terms the key concept of free trade policy, the development of GATT legal system, in addition to the interrelationship between free trade rules and environmental protection regulations. Second part aims to explore not only the free trade measures embodied in the GATT/WTO, but also their effect in addressing environmental measures, either national or international. Finally, to provide a comprehensive portray of this trade system, part three concentrates on both the substantive construction of the free trade provisions relevant to environmental prtection, as well as the practical application and interpretations to these provisions in a number of GATT/WTO disputes which involve with TREMs. It then will indicate the development of environmental concerns in this trade system, and point out the merits and drawbacks of the GATT/WTO multilateral trade system, in regard to environmental protection. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。