頁籤選單縮合
題名 | 論由WTO「補貼暨平衡稅措施協定」規範漁業補貼之法理=Regulating Fisheries Subsides under WTO/SCM Agreement: A Legal Assessment |
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作者姓名(中文) | 牛惠之; | 書刊名 | 經社法制論叢 |
卷期 | 32 2003.07[民92.07] |
頁次 | 頁67-114 |
分類號 | 439.11 |
關鍵詞 | 漁業補貼; SCM協定; 貿易與環境; 環保補貼; 貿易扭曲; Fisheries subsides; SCM agreement; Trade and environment; Environmental subsidies; Trade distortion; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 漁業補貼在國際間已行之多年,並為部分漁業生產國之相關產業所仰賴,而此議題之重要性,並不單純因為漁業補貼能積極的扶植一國的漁產事業之成長,或是由此而引起的對於漁業產品之貿易障礙與對貿易自由化之危害;更重要的,在全球每年高達數百億美金之漁業補貼帶動下,已有不少研究質疑漁業補貼可能是構成當今漁業資源逐漸匱乏的主因之一,而提出應由WTO處理漁業補貼之相關問題之主張。由於漁業補貼所可能引發之爭議同時存在於這類補貼措施對於海洋生態資源之破壞,以及對於貿易扭曲之效果,WTO在其部長級會議之Doha宣言中特別提出漁業補貼為涉及貿易與環境互動關係的議題之一,而需對漁業補貼之效果加以處理。惟由於處理貿易措施之環保效果向非WTO之主要宗旨,故本文試圖透過法理層次探討這些建議WTO修改SCM協定以處理漁業補貼之環境效果之論點,在本質上之適當性。同時,部分WTO會員或學者提出應對漁業補貼之貿易效果在SCM協定下另設特別規定,本文則亦試圖指出,此一論點之成立,不但在法理上需要漁業補貼之貿易效果具有其他產業補貼所沒有之特殊性,且在邏輯上亦需SCM協定確實無法處理這類問題,方有設立新規範之理。如欲在WTO下對漁業補貼設置特別規定,就法理以論,需以漁業補貼之貿易效果而非環保效果為規範對象;並應就SCM協定之相關規定對於漁業補貼之貿易扭曲效果之規範能力進行細緻分析,而僅對於因漁業補貼之本質或貿易效果之特殊性為SCM協定所無法處理之議題,才進一步探討應如何設置新規定等技術性議題。 |
英文摘要 | It is asserted in the WTO Doha Declaration that "In the context of these negotiations, participants shall also aim to clarify and improve WTO disciplines on fisheries subsidies, taking into account the importance of this sector to developing countries." "We note that fisheries subsidies are also referred to in paragraph 31." Since paragraph 31 addresses issues concerning the interrelations between trade and environment, some WTO Members therefore suggest WTO shall apply the rules as set in the SCM Agreement or shall establish new disciplines to deal with the environmental impacts as well as trade effectsx of fisheries subsidies. However, this presumption is subject to debate not only because it fails to take the WTO's free trade task into account, but also it illogically deems fisheries subsidies as a special sector and should be regulated separately from subsidies provided to other industries. The paper thus tends to argue with that the WTO is not under such an obligation to solve the environmental impacts of fisheries subsidies, by examining the legal theories applied in the relevant environmental measures in the WTO system. For instance, the general exception rule of GATT1994 article XX(g). In addition, this paper aims to challenging the very logic of some statements of the WTO Members, and to declaring that to establish new rules for fisheries subsidies without considering the nature of the SCM Agreement is by nature illogical. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。