頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | 戰時大學課程的重要變革=The Great Transformation of the College Curriculum during the Wartime: Turning "The General Chinese History" into a Common Requirement |
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作 者 | 陳逢申; | 書刊名 | 臺北師院學報 |
卷 期 | 11 1998.06[民87.06] |
頁 次 | 頁287+289-323+325-326 |
分類號 | 525.4 |
關鍵詞 | 大學課程; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 戰前的大學教育,存在著資源配置不均衡、學校分布散漫又重覆、課程與教材 雜亂且崇西抑中不合國情等嚴重問題。自抗戰爆發後,學校教育系統能否發揮教育 救國的力量、平時教育能否適應戰時急需,更備受各界質疑。為了救亡圖存並堅持 抗戰,國民政府乃積極規劃高等教育政策,一面使內遷的大專院校得以繼續興學, 進而獲得量的擴展,一面推動調整院系及課程整理等多種權宜性變革措施,在質的 方面朝向「劃一化」與「中國化」邁進。 從課程整理的角度看,各校間各自為政的課程設罝及缺乏統一課程標準的現 狀,亟須從劃一課程上著手改革,以達成抗戰建國的教育任務。於是自民國二十七 年起,由教育部主導進行課程整理工作。首先釐清規定統一標準、注重基本訓練及 精要科目等原則,並決定從國文、外國文等重要必修科目著手。接著,於九月間召 開第一次全國課程會議,集思廣益,并先後公佈文、理、法、師範及工、農、商各 學院兩種不同模式的共同必修科目表。次年八月,又頒行各院系必修及選修科目表。 至此,既將大學課程齊一標準,更改變了過去大部份學校過早分系且忽視人文訓練 的課程安排。民國三十三年八月,教育部又召開第二次課程會議,但僅修訂前四個 學院的共同必修。儘管如此,上述教育政策的重要轉變,歷經大環境與全國局勢的 急遽改變,幾經修訂,影響及於今日。 值此,本文旨在從課程整理的角度,探討戰時大學各學院在統一化政策下課程 結構的重大變革,並以兩套課程設計的存在及大一共同必修科目的局部實施等現 象,說明課程整理上的缺失。 |
英文摘要 | Before the wartime, College education had dealt with some serious problems, such as the uneven distribution of resources, the overlapping of school zones, the illogical arrangement of courses and materials, and the misplacement of the over-westernized lessons. Since the beginning of the wartime, it was doubted whether or not the school education system had the function of "Saving the country by the means of education", and whether or not the routine education could adapt to the urgent needs of wartime. To keep the college education going, the nationalist government made a cautious policy of advanced education which could, on the one hand, continue and icnrease the quantity of the inward migrating universities, and , on the other hand, push the quality toward a "unified" and "nationalized" direction. Due to the chaotic situation of the college couse arrangement, it was necessary to turn it back on the track. In 1938, the Ministry of Education took this as its primary goal, held the first ever "National Courses Conference" and began to standardize the common couse requirement. Since then, the whole nation's freshman courses, used to be over-professionalized. have been replaced by some common requirement, including "the General Chinese History", the influences of which have continued to today. Through the angle of course arrangement, the essay tried to analyze the structural transformation of the college courses under the policy of "unification", during the wartime. Moreover, in spite of the establishment of the freshmen requirement, we intend to uncover the truth of the ineffective cultural education which would bring a negative influence to the truth of the war. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。