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題 名 | 中國人幸福感之內涵、測量及相關因素探討=The Meaning, Measure, and Correlates of Happiness Among Chinese People |
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作 者 | 陸洛; | 書刊名 | 國家科學委員會研究彙刊. 人文及社會科學 |
卷 期 | 8:1 1998.01[民87.01] |
頁 次 | 頁115-137 |
分類號 | 176.64 |
關鍵詞 | 人格特質; 生活事件; 生活滿意; 快樂; 幸福感; Happiness; Joy; Life events; Life satisfaction; Personality traits; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文從「幸福」的內涵定義及理論回顧著手,引進東西方文化的對談, 輔以質性研究的訪談資料,勾勒出中國人幸福感的初步樣貌;並據此編制一份本 土的「中國人幸福感量表」以為測量工具。同時,綜合已有的文獻和實徵資料, 嘗試提出一個幸福感的整合性概念架構,以一個大型社區調查研究嘗試部分驗證 此一架構。 本研究針對概念架構中五個主要成分中的四項加以操作化定義並進行測量。 所測量的變項包含(1)人口學變項,包含:年齡、性別、婚姻狀況、教育及收入。 (2)環境事件,包含正負向生活事件及其衝擊程度。(3)個人資源及限制,包含外 向人格、神經質人格、內控、社會期待以及社會支持。(4)幸福感,包含正向情 緒、(缺乏)負向情緒以及生活滿意。本研究也試圖進一步檢視「中國人幸福感量 表」的信度與效度。 本研究之抽樣方法採取多階段系統隨機抽樣法,共抽600位年齡18歲至65歲, 居住於高雄市區的成人作為訪視的對象。其中,共有494位成功完成家庭訪視並完 整填答問卷。 在結果分析中,首先進行描述性統計及相關分析,並檢驗族群間的差異(如性 別與年齡)。在信度與效度的檢驗上,證實了「中國人幸福感量表」具有良好的信 度與效度。此外,研究者成功地利用線性結構模式(LISREL 7)驗證幸福感的概念 架構。在最後的結構模式中,社會支持扮演一個強有力的中介因素。另外,兩個 人口學變項,年齡與性別,以及外向人格,會透過社會支持對幸福感產生間接影 響。而神經質人格與內控,則對幸福感產生直接的影響。 本文最後在中國文化以及如何追求幸福感的脈絡下對實徵資料進行更深入的 討論。 |
英文摘要 | This paper set out to explore the meaning and definition of happiness, and to critically review its related theories and teachings, with the aim of facilitating dialogues between the Western and Eastern cultures. Embedded in the cultural context, and grounded in rich qualitative interview data, a sketch of the Chinese happiness phenomenon emerged, hence, a quantitative measurement was devised. Integrating the existing literature and empirical evidence in the area of subjective well-being, a tentative comprehensive model was proposed. A large-scale community survey was then conducted to partially evaluate this integrative model of happiness. Four out of five major components of the model were operationalized and measured. They were (1) personal demographic characteristics, including age, gender, marital status, education and income; (2)environmental events, including positive and negative life events; (3)personal resources and limitations, including extraversion, neuroticism, internal control, social desirability, and social support; and finally (4)happiness, including positive affect, lack of negative affect, and life satisfaction. The present study was also intended to further test the psychometrical properties of The Chinese Happiness Inventory (CHI). Using multi-stage systematic random sampling techniques, 600 adults aged between 18-65 years living in Kaohsiung city were invited to participate in the study. Among them, 494 were successfully home- interviewed and returned completed questionnaires. Sample descriptive and correlation analyses were first carried out, and possible differences between various groups (e.g. gender and age) were examined too. Psychometrical analyses revealed good reliability and validity of the CHI. Perhaps the most interesting and strong result came from multivariate analyses using linear structural equation modeling techniques (LISREL 7), intending to fit empirical data to the proposed theretical model. One empirical model came out to be the most parsimonious and effective, with good indices of fitting and small residuals. In this final model, social support played an crucial role as a mediator, which bore the strongest association with happiness. Two demographic characteristics, age and gender, had indirect effects on happiness, through social support, so did one personality trait- extraversion. On the other hand, the other two personality traits, neuroticism and internal control, had direct effects on happiness. These results and others were discussed in the context of the Chinese conceptualizations and pursuits of happiness in life. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。