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| 題 名 | Cytotaxonomic Studies in the Genus Sorghum=蜀黍屬內各亞屬之細胞分類學的研究 |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 吳大本; | 書刊名 | Proceedings of the National Science Council : Part B, Life Science |
| 卷 期 | 22:1 1998.01[民87.01] |
| 頁 次 | 頁1-12 |
| 分類號 | 434.154 |
| 關鍵詞 | 蜀黍; 亞屬; 細胞分類學; Cytotaxonomy; Karyotype analysis; Eu-sorghum; Chaetosorghum; Heterosorghum; Stiposorghum; Para-sorghum; |
| 語 文 | 英文(English) |
| 中文摘要 | 分析比較蜀黍的五個亞屬之十五個物種的外部形態特徵知 Eu-sorghum, Heterosorghumh 和 Chaetosorghum 三亞屬間之親緣關係密切, 可組成一類, 而 Stiposorghum 和 Para-sorghum 二者親綠關係較密切,構成另一類。 分析比較此等材料之 粗絲期核型表示 Heterosorghum ( 2n=40 )和 Chaetosorghum ( 2n=40 )之核型與 Eu-sorghum 者頗相似,但前二亞屬之染色體數各為 Eu-sorghum ( 2n=20 )者之兩倍。由 此等形態及核型之觀察, 吾人推測無論 Heterosorghum 或 Chaetosorghum 可能皆源自二 Eu-sorghum 之物種( 2n=20 )經自然雜交再行染色體加倍而成之異質多倍體。 在 Eu-sorghum 之 Halepenisa 節中也可發現其他異質多倍體物體, 而同質多倍體物種則僅存 在於 Stiposorghum 和 Para-sorghum 二亞屬中。 除核仁染色體不同外, Stiposorghum 和 Para-sorghum 二者核型基本相似,反之該二亞屬之核型與 Eu-sorghum 者完全不同。 故就 核型演進途徑而言, 不可能由 Stiposorghum 及 Para-sorghum 產生 Eu-sorghum,反之亦 然。 |
| 英文摘要 | The taxonomic characters of fifteen species including all five subgenera of sorghum were studied. These taxonomic data clearly suggest that subgenera Eu-sorghum, Heterosorghum and Chaetosorghum make up one circle of morphological affinity, and that subgenera Stiposorghum and Para-sorghum compose another circle of morphological affinity. Detailed analyses and comparisons of the pachytene karyoptypes of these materials show that the karyotypes of Heterosorghum and Chaetosorhum are essentially similar to that of Eu-sorghum, except for a difference in chromosome number; the former two have twice the chromosome number of the 20-chromosome Eu-sorghum. Based on morphological and cytological observation, we speculate that Heterosorghum and Chaetosorghum are allopolyploids that arose from chromosomes doubling of hybrids between putative 20-chromosome Eu-sorghum species. Other allopolyploids are also found in the section Halepensia of the Eu-sorghum wherease the autopolyploids are apparently restricted to Stiposorghum and Para-sorghum. There is no basic difference between the pachytene karyotypes of Stiposorghum and Para-sorghum with the exception of the nucleolar chromosome. On the contary, the pachytene karyotypes of these two subgenera are completely different from that of Eu-sorghum. Therefore, it seems logical to consider that the genus Sorghum may be separated cytological into two different architypes. One with basic number x=5 includes Stiposorghum and Para-sorghum, and the other with basic number x=10 contains Eusorghum, Heterosorghum and Chaetosorghum. Complete differences in chromosome morphology are found between species of these two architypes, which suggests that Stiposorghum and Para-sorghum have played no role in the evolution of the karyotype in Eu-sorghum. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。