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題名 | Mean Structure and Transport of Taiwan Current (Kuroshio)=臺灣海流(黑潮)的平均流速與流量 |
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作者 | 劉倬騰; 鄭世培; 莊文思; 李賢文; 楊益; | 書刊名 | 臺灣海洋學刊 |
卷期 | 36:2 1998.02[民87.02] |
頁次 | 頁159-176 |
分類號 | 351.961 |
關鍵詞 | 黑潮; 臺灣海流; 世界海洋環流實驗; 流量; Kuroshio; WOCE; PMC1; Transport; Taiwan; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 臺灣東邊的黑潮,又名臺灣海流,它源自於呂宋東方的北赤道洋流,流至琉球與 日本海域時,日人稱為黑潮。 自 1990 年 10 月至 1995 年 5 月間,我們沿著宜蘭海脊調 查臺灣海流(黑潮)的水文,以量測其流速結構與流量。此項海流調查屬於中華民國承接世 界海洋環流實驗( WOCE )的一部分。 自 1965 年黑潮聯合研究( CSK )以來,已鮮有臺 灣海流的水文調查。歷年來,以地轉流速推算的臺灣海流流量為 18.7 Sv 至 44.2 Sv 之間 ,在 600 公里下游的琉球附近,黑潮流量在 0 至 46.8 Sv 之間。ROC WOCE 的 12 次估算 得平均地轉流量為 13.5 Sv。在計算地轉流量中,底流速度( Vb )的貢獻得靠直接量測流 速才能確定。我們採用由船載都普勒剖流儀( ADCP ),沿宜蘭海脊量測的 10 航次的海流 斷面當作直接量測的流速,並將其與密度及地轉流速重新取樣至 10m 深與 0.1 °寬的網格 上。 經 10 航次的平均後,潮流、航向及流速量測所導致的誤差已相當小。ADCP 的流速資 料顯示,水愈淺則 Vb 愈大,地轉流速的修正量也愈大。在臺灣和與那國島之間,臺灣海流 (黑潮)的流軸多半靠臺灣這邊, 在上層 350m 的流量是 19.7 Sv,若利用地轉流切推算 350m 以下的流速, 可得總流量約 22.6 Sv,它與琉球西方的黑潮 10 年平均流量 25.5 Sv 相當。 |
英文摘要 | From October 1990 to May 1995, 12 hydrographic cruises were made along a submarine ridge northeast of Taiwan to measure the velocity structure and volume transport (VT) of the Kuroshio east of Taiwan, or the Taiwan Current (Wyrtki, 1961). These are part of the Republic of China (ROC) contribution to World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), PCM1 subprogram. From the few hydrographic surveys since 1965, geostrophic computation of the Taiwan Current volume transport (TVT) ranged from 18.7x10 6/s (Sv) to 44.2 Sv, compared to 0 to 46.8 Sv of Kuroshio VT (KVT) in the deeper water regime 600 km downstream near Okinawa. The 12-cruise mean of geostrophic TVT across the ridge was 13.5 Sv . Direct measurement of the velocity field is necessary to assess the contribution of the bottom velocity, v b in the geostrophic computation of TVT. Ten sections of ship-board ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) velocity v a were available to estimate Kuroshio's v b over the shallow ridge. The sections of v a, density and geostrophic velocity v g were all interpolated onto the same grid along PCM1. The averaging of 10 velocity sections reduces uncertainties caused by tidal currents, ship-heading and amplitude errors in the ADCP data. The average of v a - v g is much larger in shallow regions where v<SUB>b</SUB> is significant than in deep regions where the reference velocity is low. The ADCP section between Taiwan and Yonaguni shows that flow axis of Taiwan Current (Kuroshio) was closer to Taiwan than in the geostrophic velocity section and the TVT was 19.7 Sv for the upper 350 m. Using geostrophy to extend the ADCP velocity profiles to the sea bottom, we estimate the TVT at 22.6 Sv, which is close to the 10-year mean of KVT near Okinawa of 25.5 Sv. |
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