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題 名 | 孫中山的權力分立理論=A Study of Dr. Sun Yat-Sen's Theory Concerning the Separation of Powers |
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作 者 | 陳春生; | 書刊名 | 中山學術論叢 |
卷 期 | 17 1999.06[民88.06] |
頁 次 | 頁1-29 |
分類號 | 005.1857 |
關鍵詞 | 權力分立; 權能區分; 三權分立; 五權分立; 國民大會; 制衡原理; 主權在民; 菁英政治; Separation of powers; Distinction of sovereignty and political ability; Separation of triple power; Separation of quintuple power; National assembly; Principle of check and balance; Sovereignty belongs to people; Elite politics; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 孫中山是一位政治思想家,不是政治學者,今人探討其政冶思想必須深入分析其思想脈絡,因此其演講及談話言論至為重要。關於孫中山政府論的思想,應重視其「權力分立」理論,吾人認為可分為三個層面加以討論:一是「權能區分」理論,二是「五權分立」理論,三是「均權主義」理論,後者吾人已為文作過分析,本文則專注於前二者之討論。綜合而言,孫中山強調「主權在民」,而國民大會之設計係為落實「主權在民」而存在,並非歐美政制上的國會。在政府職能方面,孫中山強調考試權與監察權獨立運作之重要,吾人認為其目的在建立中立性文官制度,並提昇公僕(包括議員)的水準,實具有濃厚的精英政冶色彩。監察權則除監督文官之外,也要監督議員,這是世界各國政治哲學家所忽視者。最後,吾人提出修憲建言,特別指出公職候選人亦須通過考試,而國民大會代表之選舉似可改採政黨比例代表制。 |
英文摘要 | Dr. Sun Yat-Sen was a political thinker but not a political scholar. Currently, people studying his political theories must further analyze his basic thought, therefore, the speech and dialogue become greatly important. Regarding Dr. Sun's thoughts of government theory, one should notice the importance of theory of the separation of powers. Basically, it can be broken into three categories. The first is the theory of distinction between sovereignty and political ability. The second is the theory of separation of quintuple power. The other is the doctrine of "Equilibrant-power", which has been widely discussed by myself in the Journal of Social Science, Vol38 April 1990. This study only concentrates on the first two theories. In the first place, Dr. Sun emphasized that the design of theory of sovereignty belongs to people instead of the National Assembly. The purpose of the design of National Assembly was to strengthen the concept that "sovereignty belongs to people" instead of parliament or congress in European-American political system. Then, in the aspect of Government Power, Dr. Sun emphasized that the importance of individual implementation for Examination Power and Control Power. It is commonly agreed that Dr. Sun's objective was to establish neutral civilian system to improve the standard of civil service and Congressman, which is the essence of Elite Politics. Also, Control Power is to supervise both officials and Congressmen. This statement had been neglected by most of the political philosophers. In the end of the study, it proposes constitution reconstruction, slating that public candidates must also pass related examinations and that delegates to the National Assembly can be elected with a system of Party Proportional Representation. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。