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題 名 | 評西方學者的「水利社會論」--以中國史為例=On Western Scholars`「The Theory of Hydraulic Society」--In the Context of Chinese History |
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作 者 | 杜奉賢; | 書刊名 | 國立屏東科技大學學報 |
卷 期 | 7:1 1998.03[民87.03] |
頁 次 | 頁61-69 |
分類號 | 443 |
關鍵詞 | 水利社會論; 發展史學; 東方論; 亞細亞生產方式; 韋伯; Theory of hydraulic society; Developmental history; Orientalism; Asiatic mode of production; Max weber; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 本文首先介紹亞當史密斯、馬克思、韋伯、維持浮格、李約瑟等人的「水利社 會論」,這種理論大體上認為中國是灌溉文明,有眾多的防洪、灌溉、航運等水利設施。 由於這些水利需求而打破了封建制,成為一個單一而專制的國家,一切的軍事、宗教、城 市經濟等勢力都在此專制國家的控制下。 但是本研究從國家的發生與發展兩個不同的角度,分別尋找資料來檢驗水利社會論的 說法。結果發現:在中國,是先有政治工程才有水利工程,王權規模愈大,水利工程愈大 。水利因素不是專制國家形成的原因,也不是封建制崩潰的原因;那些西方水利論者是倒 果為因,且帶有西方中心歷史觀的偏見。 |
英文摘要 | This article begins with an introduction to the 'Theory of hydraulic society' proposed by Adam Smith, Kari Marx, Max Weber, Karl Wittfogel and Joseph Needham. They declared that China were belonged to an irrigation- civilization in which there were many hydraulic equipments such as flood control, irrigation, and navigation canals. These hydraulic demands made the feudal system collapsed, which in turn unified the nation and made it despotic. Forces such as military, religion, and urban economy were under control by this despotic country. Based on two directions, the appearance and the development of China, this paper is an extensive research to verify the theory of hydraulic society. Results indicate that in China the appearance of hydraulic engineering often appeared after political engineering. The more the scope of the regime, the more extensive the hydraulic engineering. The hydraulic effect was not a formation factor of the despotic regime and not a collapse factor of the feudal system. These findings also reveal that those western theorists saw the effect as the cause. They were biased - exploring the theory of hydraulic society in China based on an western-centered historical view. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。