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題名 | Mechanism of the Protective Action of the Safener Fenclorim Against the Herbicide Pretilachlor Injury to the Direct-Seeded Flooded Rice=殺草劑安全劑Fenclorim保護直播水稻免受殺草劑Pretiachlor傷害的作用機制 |
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作者姓名(中文) | 韓成洙; | 書刊名 | 中華民國雜草學會會刊 |
卷期 | 18:2 1997.12[民86.12] |
頁次 | 頁43-59 |
分類號 | 433.85 |
關鍵詞 | 殺草劑; 安全劑; 水稻; Fenclorim; Pretiachlor; |
語文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | Fenclorim施用量50∼300 g/ha可拮抗Pretiachlor施用量150∼900 g/ha對水稻幼苗的傷害,若此安全劑施用量150 g/ha 以上,可完全避免pretilachlor對水稻的抑制作用。 水稻幼苗處理同位素�釮-pretilachlor 24及48小時後,Fenclorim顯著減少水稻根對此同位素的吸收,但不影響此種同位素在水稻體內的輸導作用(由根輸導至葉部)。由薄層分析法(TLC)的結果,在水稻根及地上部可測得五種pretilachlor的代謝物。Fenclorim促進水稻體內的reduced glutathione與Pretilachlor的共軛結合(conjugation),繼而導致petilachlorr的代謝作用。Fenclorim單獨施用可提高水稻幼苗中的reduced glutathione含量。Fenclorim與Pretilachlor共同處理並未提高水稻幼苗體內reduced glutathione含量,但促進植株glutathione含量以及glutathione reductase和 glutathione-S-transferase 等酵素的合成。此共同處理對 glutathione 相關酵素之活性無明顯的影響。隨著 fenclorim 濃度(1 ∼ 160 μ M )增加,水稻幼苗體內 glutathione 與 pretiachlor 產生共軛結合也明顯提高。 Pretilachlor 抑制水稻葉原生質中 DNA 和脂質等先驅物之拌合作用( incorporatiom )。 Fenclorim 與 pretilachlor 共同處理也有相同現象, 顯示 fenclorim 無法拮抗pretilachlor 對水稻原生質中蛋白質、DNA 及脂質等先驅物之抑制作用。 Fenclorim 可增加水稻幼苗之 glutathione 及 glutathione-S-transferase 合成, 促進 glutathione 與pretilachlor 共軛結合,導致 pretilachlor 的代謝作用,可能是 fenclorim 保護直播水稻免受 pretilachlor 傷害的作用機制。 |
英文摘要 | Fenclorim applied at rates ranging from 50 to 300 g a.i./ha antagonized the injurious effects caused by 150 to 900 g a.i./ha of pretilachlor on 15 day-old wetsown rice grown under greenhouse conditions. When used at rates of 150g/ha or higher, fenclorim reversed completely the effects of all doses of pretilachlor on rice. Fenclorim reduced significantly the root uptake of pretilachlor by rice seddlings at 24 and 48 hr after application of [ �� C] pretilachlor. The safener fenclorim did not affect the translocation of root absorbed [ �� C ] pretilachlor to shoots and leaves of rice seedings at 6 or 24 hr after application. TLC analysis of water soluble extracts from rice roots and shoots plus leaves revaled the detection of five major metabolites of pretilachlor. Fenclorim enhanced the metabolism of pretilachlor via conjugation to reduced glurathione at all time intervals. The individual trearment with fenclorim safener resulted in only a slight increase and the one with pretilachlor herbicide did not increase in the levels of total or reduced glutathione of germination rice seedlings. The combination of treatment with pretilachlor and fenclorim enhanced glutathione production and/or synthesis of glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase. These combinations did not effect activities of these glutathione-related enzymes of in in vitro test. Fcnclorim used at a range of concentratins (1 to 160 M) increased the in vitro reactivity of pretivity of pretilachlor with GSH in a concentration-dependent manner. Following 4 hr of incubation, individual treatments with pretilachlor inhibited the in vitro incorporation of radiolabeled precursors, DNA, and lipids of rice leaf protoplasts. The combined effects of pretilachlor and fenclorim on the incorporation of radiolabeled precursors into these macromolecules of isolared rice mesophyll protoplasts appeared to be additive or slightly synergistic rather than antagonisric. The results of the present studies indicate that the safener fenclorim does not enhance to protect rice against pretilachlor injury by antagonizing its effects on protein, DNA, or lipid synthesis, but appears to result from the enhancement of the metablism of pretilachlor via enzymatic or nonenzymatic conjugation with GSH by stimulatin the direct or indirect synthesis of glutathione and by enhancing the synthesis of glutathione-S-transferase catalyzing this reaction. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。