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相關文獻
- 口蹄疫
- Anti-34B Antibodies in the Chinese Yellow Cattle Infected by the O/Taiwan/99 Food-and-mouth Disease Virus
- 中大型養豬場口蹄疫病毒免疫抗體及非結構蛋白抗體監測
- 臺灣反芻獸感染之口蹄疫病毒特徵
- Molecular Characterization of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Isolated from Ruminants in Taiwan in 1999-2000
- Characteristics of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus in Taiwan
- 口蹄疫病毒的消毒
- Detection of RNA Polymerase Gene of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) from Infected Cell by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
- Dexamethasone對兔體內兔化豬瘟疫苗病毒增殖之影響
- 百合潛隱性病毒病害之鑑定及診斷
頁籤選單縮合
| 題 名 | 口蹄疫=Foot-and-Mouth Disease |
|---|---|
| 作 者 | 朱瑞民; 楊平政; 鄭益謙; | 書刊名 | 中華民國獸醫學會雜誌 |
| 卷 期 | 23:6 1997.12[民86.12] |
| 頁 次 | 頁477-491 |
| 分類號 | 437.257 |
| 關鍵詞 | 口蹄疫; 病毒; 致疾機制; 流行病毒; 預防控制; Foot-and-mouth disease; Virus; Pathogenesis; Epidemiology; Prevention and control; |
| 語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
| 中文摘要 | 口蹄疫(FMD)是偶蹄類動物的高度惡性傳染病，一直都受到國際上的重視。此病 毒是 Picornaviridae 的 aphthovirus 屬。 病毒顆粒極小，約 22nm，結構蛋白 VP1 的β G- β H 環是決定抗原性的重要區域。此病毒以交叉保護及血清學等試驗可分為 O、A、C、 SAT-1、SAT-2、SAT-3 及 Asia 1 七型，另可分成不同的亞型有 80 種之多。各血清型之間 幾乎無任何交叉保護力，同一血清型之不同亞型則有不同程度的保護作用。此病毒的變異性 極大， 在牛 SAT-2 病毒 VP1 基因上 1D 的變異頻率可高至 1.64 × 10�� 取代 / 核��酸 / 年，而一般細胞 DNA 的變異頻率則為 10。 針對 FMD 病毒的診斷有許多方法，但目前較為 人接受的仍然是病毒分離。 型別的鑑定，則可使用 ELISA， CF， Liquid-phase blocking EL1SA 等。臨床及病理上，FMD 的感染不易與豬水�秤l、水�祟吨f炎及豬水�秤f區別，必須 使用病毒分離及鑑定進行鑑別診斷。FMD 病毒經由呼吸道或皮膚傷口感染後，首先在咽喉或 扁桃腺繁殖利用病毒表面之 RDG 胺基酸序列或其他方式附著于細胞上， 再經由胞飲作用 (Endocytosis) 進入細胞，在細胞內繁殖。 由 Langerhan's 前驅細胞經血液或其他方式送 至身體各處，主要在上皮細胞胞質內進一步生長，或感染哺乳豬心肌細胞造成肌肉的壞死。 此時皮膚如受到壓力，外傷或其他因素的影響，則形成水泡，否則病毒即逐漸消失。此病毒 會感染所有的偶蹄類動物。自然宿主在家畜方面包括牛、豬、山羊、綿羊、鹿及駱駝，也會 感染許多野生偶蹄類動物及實驗動物包括兔、鼠等。此病毒感染到其他動物主要以接觸為主 ，然空氣也是重要的傳染途徑之一，感染動物的水泡液、唾液、乳汁、精液、所呼出的空氣 及糞尿均含有高量的病毒 (每日排毒 10 �� -10 �� TCID �t )， 人可經由機械性的攜帶傳 播給其他動物。 目前為止只有反芻動物會保毒，豬感染恢復後 14-28 天病毒即由體內消失 ，保毒動物會間歇性排毒，但排毒量會逐漸少，保毒時期牛約 1-3 年， 水牛 22 個月，綿 羊 9 個月，而山羊約 4 個月。本病撲滅策略的選擇有二種，撲殺清場及免疫策略，前者的 使用多在只有少數場發病，且有完備疫情通報系統的地區使用。如屬常在性疾病，或通報及 監控無法落實的地區則多半採階段性免疫策略。 我國於今年三月份爆發口蹄疫至今已 9 個 月，自 6 月份受到控制後，12 月初又出現新病症。雖然我國在爆發後執行前所未有的嚴格 措施， 但仍然在 6 個月後再次出現疫情，可見要面對此病時所須考慮的問題不能等閒視之 。「 * 朱瑞民、楊平政、鄭益謙。口蹄疫。中華獸醫誌 23(6): 477-491, 1997。* 聯絡人 TEL: 02-3686570, FAX:02-3686570] |
| 英文摘要 | Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an internationally important contagious disease infected cloven-hoofed animals. The causative agent is an aphthovirus belonging to Picornaviridae. It is a minute virus with a size about 22nm, the βG- βH loop in the structural protein VP1 is an antigenic decisive site. By cross protection and serological tests, seven serotypes are designated, they are O、 A、 C、 SAT-1、 SAT-2、SAT-3 and Asia 1, with over 80 subtypes. Cross protection between serotypes is minimal; however, variable protection is present between subtypes among the same serotype. The mutation frequency (MF) of FMD virus is tremendous, the MF of the ID gene in SAT-2 virus in cattle is 1.64 × 10 �� replacement/nucleotide/year, in comparison to a normal cell DNA, the MF is only 10. Virus isolation is so far the most reliable method to definitively diagnose the disease. In differentiating serotypes, ELISA, CF, liquid-phase blocking ELISA are usually employed. Clinically and pathologically, FMD infection is difficult to differentiate from infection of other vesicular diseases, such as swine vesicular disease, vesicular stomatitis and vesicular exanthema, virus isolation and associated antigens detection are also the only officially acceptable methods for a confirmative diagnosis of these diseases. The viruses first adhere on the target cells through RDG or other mechanism after infecting animals by ways of respiratory tract or skin, they then enter the cells via endocytosis and multiply intracellularly. The viruses are replicated in tissues adjacent to pharyngeal region and in tonsil, thereafter, they are transported to other parts of body by Langerhan's cells through blood or other vehicles, but mainly to the cytoplasm of epithelial cells, they may also infect myocardiocytes causing cell necrosis. Vesicles are developed as factors such as pressure, trauma or other unknown reasons are applied to the skin; otherwise, the viruses are slowly disintegrated. They naturally infect acttle, pig, goat, sheep, deer, camel and many wild cloven-hoofed animals, rabbits and mice are experimentally infected. Horizontal transmission through direct contact is the major way of transmission; however, air is another significant media for the spread of the viruses. High titre of viruses (10 �� -10 �� TCID �t /day) are present in vesicular fluid, saliva, milk, semen,breath and manure of infected animals. Human beings are a consequential mechanical means of transporting the virus. The only known reservoir animals for the viruses are ruminants, the viruses will not be detected in pigs in 14-28 days after recovery. The carrier animals shed viruses intermittently with diminishing amount, the carrier period for cattle is about 1-3 years, water buffalo for 22 months, sheep for 9 months and goat for 4 months. Normally there are two eradication strategies, stamping out and vaccination. Stamping out policy is ussally chosen for areas with minimal number of outbreaks, and where routinely practices securely reporting program and tight surveillance system, otherwise, the vaccination policy is constantly executed. The FMD outbreak in Taiwan had been nine months since this past March; nevertheless, new cases recurred six months after the first outbreak in spite of stringent actiion implemented countrywide all the way along the whole period. It is therefore our duty to put forth unequivocally special precaution while operating the control and eradication programs for FMD virus infection. [*Chu RM, Yang PC and Cheng IC. Foot-and-Mouth Disease. J Chin Soc Vet Sci 23(6):477-495,1997. * Corresponding author TEL:02-3686570, FAX:02-3686570] |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。