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題 名 | 臺灣柑桔線蟲之發生及其生物型種內變異=Occurrence of Citrus Nematode in Taiwan and Intraspecific Variation of the Two Biotypes |
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作 者 | 蔡東纂; 吳文希; 林奕耀; 程永雄; | 書刊名 | 植物病理學會刊 |
卷 期 | 6:3 1997.09[民86.09] |
頁 次 | 頁111-122 |
分類號 | 435.331 |
關鍵詞 | 柑桔線蟲; 生物型; 種內變異; Citrus nematode; Biotype; Intraspecific variation; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 臺灣省15個縣市柑桔栽培區已遭受柑桔線蟲感染;於1609個採樣中,檢出1198個根系及土壤中含帶柑桔線蟲,其發生率為74.5%。柑桔線蟲之寄主除了以酸桔、廣東檸檬及枳殼為根砧之柑桔類作物外,尚包括巨峰、金香等葡萄,柿子與馬齒莧、馬唐、藜等田間雜草。目前,柑桔專業區罹柑桔線蟲較嚴重之品種為檸檬、柳橙、文旦、椪柑、白柚及葡萄柚,罹病率皆在35%以上自柑桔根系上所分離之柑桔線蟲可在8種柑桔品種及柿子根系上繁殖,而無法寄生於葡萄根部;反之,來自葡萄根系上之柑桔線蟲在同樣一年之接種試驗後顯示於柑桔及柿子根部上為弱寄生。顯然臺灣的柑桔線蟲依其在寄主之寄生行為可分為柑桔及葡萄兩個生物型。此兩生物型之柑桔線蟲對馬齒莧、馬唐及藜之致病力並無差異。柑桔生物型之柑桔線蟲不能寄生於獨植之葡萄根系,但是若接種於廣東檸檬與金香葡萄合植之盆缽中,在第5年可發現於金香葡萄根系上繁衍於逐年之檢測資料中可清楚看出由柑桔生物型轉而寄生於葡萄根系上之過程是漸進的;但若同時接種南方根瘤線蟲時,此轉型過程即遭強力干擾,於第6年葡萄根系僅受南方根瘤線蟲感染 相對的,若將葡萄生物型之柑桔線蟲接種於金香葡萄與廣東檸檬植之盆缽中,此線蟲可逐年增強對廣東檸檬之致病力,至第5年方穩定寄生;但此轉型寄生亦因同時接種南方根腐線蟲時受到影響。上述兩生物型之柑桔線蟲在逐年轉型寄生時,對轉型對象之根系趨性愈強,產卵數亦漸增;若返接種原本之植物時,其寄生能力則逐年下降。本研究結果表明柑桔線蟲之柑桔與葡萄兩生物型之相互轉化是在兩種植物併存下連續且漸進的適應過程中進行。此兩生物型之柑桔線蟲在型態上之測值並懸差異。 |
英文摘要 | The citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb. is aptly named since it occurs in all citrus producing regions of Taiwan. Various survey showing that 74.5% of 1609 samples were contaminated by citrus nematode, and the infection rate of orchards were estimated from 6 to 64%. It is known to distribute under a wide range of environmental and edaphic conditions of citrus, grape, persimmon, olive orchards. Citrus and grape biotype of T semi penetrans exist based on the different suitability between citrus and grape host plant. The results of this study indicated that 4-years long period of adaptation of citrus nematode will lead to changes in the existing biotypes. The body dimension of adult females of these two biotypes of citrus nematode had no difference. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。