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來源資料
頁籤選單縮合
題 名 | Marriage as Environment: Toward a Model of Processes of Adaptation in Marriage=婚姻即環境:一個探討婚姻適應過程的理論模式 |
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作 者 | 張思嘉; | 書刊名 | 世新大學學報 |
卷 期 | 7 1997.10[民86.10] |
頁 次 | 頁219-250 |
分類號 | 544.3 |
關鍵詞 | 婚姻適應過程; |
語 文 | 英文(English) |
中文摘要 | 針對婚姻適應文獻上的兩大限制:(1)缺乏系統的理論,(2)缺乏適應“過程”的研究,本文根據社會與環境心理學中的個人-環境適配論(person-environment congruence)及個人-環境最佳化(person-environment optimization)概念提出一個理論模式(model)來解釋婚姻適應的過程。根據該理論,夫妻雙方藉由選擇配偶來決定日後互動(interact)的環境。雖然夫妻會在婚前選擇自認為合適的配偶,但因來自不同的背景,婚後仍有許多須要彼此適應之處。當配偶的行為與自己的期望不符時,夫妻雙方會採取不同的策略來改變對方。在理想情況下,婚姻適應該是一個夫妻雙方互相改變行為以達到對方期望的最佳化(optimization)過程。但在某些情況下,如果有一方拒絕改變,婚姻適應也可能是一個單方面順應的過程(adaptation)。驗證上述理論之資料乃取自10對住在美國賓州(Pennsylvania)的新婚夫婦。研究結果發現:(1)雖然夫妻人格特質的相似性達到統計上的顯著水準,人格特質的相似性並沒有對他們的婚姻適應過程產生正面的影響,(2)妻子比丈夫更會要求配偶改變他們的行為,但妻子並沒有比丈夫更容易改變自己的行為去適應對方,(3)當夫妻雙方認為對方的行為違背自己的期望時,他們會採用各種不同的策略(正向或負向的)來促使對方改變。雖然正向策略(如討論婚姻關係中的問題)能夠達到改變對方行為的效果,夫妻偏向於採用負向策略(如與配偶爭吵)來反應他們心中的不滿。這些負向策略不但不能使夫妻達到改變對方行為的目的,反而造成對方之不快,而持續或增加欲改變之行為。如此惡性循環,終會使夫妻關係惡化至不可收拾的地步。本研究之結果具有理論與實用之價值與啟示。 |
英文摘要 | Two major limitations on previous marital adjustment research have been its lack of theoretical framework and its focus on studying adjustment as an and that couples achieve to a varying degree. The purpose of this study is to conceptualize and examine marital adjustment as a process. Two person-environment psychological perspectives, "person-environment congruence" and "human-environment optimization", were introduced and integrated so as to model adjustment as a process. This was followed by an empirical study testing four theoretical based propositions. One hundred and nine couples filled out a personality inventory, provided information about the affective quality of marital interaction, and completed scales indicating the degree to which they desired change in their partners' behavior. Although spouses were found to be more similar in personality than randomly paired couples, similarity of personality did not lead to either marital satisfaction or easier adjustment process. Wives more than husbands, desired changes in their spouses' behavior. However, wives were no more likely than their husbands to change their own socioemotional behavior to accommodate their spouses. The findings of the present study suggest that husbands and wives tend to use less maintenance and more conflictive strategies in attempting to change one another. Not only are such strategies ineffective in implementing change, they may also create a vicious cycle that leads to the individual's gradually giving up their effort to change their partner. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。