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題名 | 氣候改變對臺灣地區蒸發散量影響的模擬研究=A Simulation Study of Taiwan's Evapotranspiration under Weather Change Scenarios |
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作 者 | 梁仁有; 劉復誠; 耿旭; 林深林; | 書刊名 | 氣象學報 |
卷期 | 41:4 1997.09[民86.09] |
頁次 | 頁246-271 |
分類號 | 328.61 |
關鍵詞 | 氣候改變; 臺灣地區; 蒸發散量; Evapotranspiration; Simulation; Agriculture; Impact; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 大氣中微量氣體的持續上升將會對地球物理、化學、水文及生物環境的循環系統造成一定的干擾,這些干擾所造成的改變,尤其是在氣候上的改變,對地面上的有機或無機活動的影響,絕不僅限於局部或區域,而是一個全球性的問題。然而這些影響並不是一個平均分佈的地理現象,其影響程度是隨各地的環境而有所不同。雖然環境問題是全球性的,但其對地球衝擊的量性評估卻要從局部瞭解著手,因此研究全球氣候變化對局部或區域的影響是對整體影響的判斷所不能或缺的步驟。蒸發散量(ET)是水份經由土壤蒸發和植物蒸散至大氣中過程的一個綜合指標。蒸發散量是隨植物、氣候和土壤狀況而有所改變。因此評估蒸發散量在不同氣候下的變化情況,可提供作物生產和水資源管理利用所需的訊息,因詳細蒸發散資料獲得困難,潛在和參考蒸發散量被普遍採用來當作一般性的評估依據。本研究之主要目的在決定氣候變化對臺灣的潛在蒸發散量的衝擊,這些訊息不僅對臺灣很重要,並且對於瞭解全球氣候變遷在局部及區域基礎基料的建立上有高度利用價值,ET的模擬是在現在的氣候狀況及CO□濃度倍增兩種假定情況下進行。本文取臺灣九個地區(包括臺北、臺中、嘉義、臺南、高雄、恆春、宜蘭、花蓮及臺東)的資料來模擬氣候變化對ET的影響,模擬結果顯示氣候改變對臺灣農業及水資源有二方面的影響:(1)由於呼吸作用增加及光合成效率的減低,作物產量也將隨之降低;(2)由不不成比例的蒸發散量的增加及非農業用水的提高,農業及城市水資源短缺問題將更形嚴重。 |
英文摘要 | Evapotranspiration (ET) is a composite index which conceptually describes the processes of water loss to the atmosphere from soil by evaporation and from vegetation by transpiration. Thus ET is a function of plant, weather and soil conditions. An assessment of ET in response to a changed climate will, therefore, provide the necessary information for an understanding of needed crop production systems and resource managemnet stractgies. Because the difficulty in obtaining detailed ET data, potential and reference ET are commonly used for general evaluation. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential impact of climate change on ET in Taiwan. This information is important not only to Taiwan's people and government but also to the database development of need local and regional contributions which are essential to realistically understand the overall impact of global climate change. Simulations were performed for two scenerios: current weather condition and double C02 condition. Nine locations that cover a wide range of geographic representation were chosen as a sample to evaluate the impact of weather change on ET in Taiwan. The locations studied were: Taipei, taichung, Chiayi, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Hengchun, Ilan, Hualien, and Taitung. The following conclusions can be deduced from this study; the impact of weather change on agriculture and water resource would be two folds: The productivity could reduce due to a reduction of photosynthetic efficiency and water shortage problem would magnify due to a disproportionally increased evapotranspiration and an increasing non-agricultural water use. |
本系統之摘要資訊系依該期刊論文摘要之資訊為主。