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題名 | 被覆PE塑膠布對隧道式栽培洋香瓜生長之影響=Effects of Polyethylene Plastic Cover on Growth of Cantaloupe in Row Tunnel Cultivation |
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作 者 | 楊純明; 鄭清煥; 蘇慕容; 李裕娟; | 書刊名 | 中華農業氣象 |
卷期 | 4:3 1997.07[民86.07] |
頁次 | 頁145-152 |
分類號 | 435.261 |
關鍵詞 | 被覆材質; 塑膠布; 洋香瓜; 隧道式栽培; 生長; 氣象環境; Covering material; Plastic sheet; Cantaloupe; Row tunnel cultivation; Growth; Climatic environment; |
語文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 臺灣地區的洋香瓜產地集中於臺南縣一帶,多以隧道式簡易設施栽培,惟被覆材 質混雜,對洋香瓜植株生長影響不一。本文研究旨在探討不同被覆塑膠布(polyethlyene) 材質對洋香瓜一期作栽培隧道式簡易設施內環境及植株生長之影響,並釐清設施內環境因子 之變化及其可能效應。田間試驗在臺南縣東山鄉進行,根據結驗結果,不同被覆塑膠布材質 將改變隧道式簡易設施內光輻射,一般透明聚乙烯塑膠布(PE)及具濾除紫外線效果聚乙烯 塑膠布(UV-cut)設施內上方測得之光幅射頻譜(350∼1100nm)仍類似於日照頻譜,惟其 各波長之輻射量均較低。顯示此兩種被覆塑膠布材質具有反射或吸收日照光輻射的功能,尤 其穿透UV-cut塑膠布之光輻射紫外光波段(<400nm)已被濾除。不同被覆材質亦改變隧道式 簡易設施內氣溫、相對濕度、及土溫。從整體比較,塑膠布覆蓋提高了設施內的氣溫,而PE 塑膠布覆蓋者又稍高於UV-cut塑膠布者。相對濕度表現則相反,塑膠布覆蓋降低了設施內濕 度,而不同被覆材質間之差異未達顯著水準。因為畦面鋪蓋黑色聚乙烯塑膠布,設施內土溫 並未因塑膠布覆蓋而顯著提升高於室外土溫。不同塑膠布材質對隧道式簡易設施內洋香瓜植 株地上部的生長有不等的影響,從播種後34日起單位葉面積已呈現差異;UV-cut塑膠布內生 長之洋香瓜單位葉面積為14.3X10�笐獻�惻eaf�笐薄A因此UV-cut塑膠布設施內植株葉面積 明顯高於PE塑膠布設施植株。此後單位葉面積持續降低,而PE被覆材質下的洋香瓜植株葉片 數則自播種後49日起減少,使其葉面積至收穫前均低於UV-cut材質者。UV-cut塑膠布設施內 的洋香瓜生長較為旺盛,無論葉片或莖稈均累積較高乾物重,且其洋香瓜果實產量高於PE塑 膠布設施者達4.4倍,無論大粒、中粒或小粒的數量均顯著地高於PE塑膠布設施生長之植株, 而且畸形粒又較少。 |
英文摘要 | The major production area of cantaloupe in Taiwan is located in Tainan County.Row tunnel cultivation is the primary technique employed by the farmers, yet the covering material is mixed with the various polyethlene and nonwoven fabrics.As different covering plastic materials may exert varied impacts on mic- roclimate under tunnel and growth of canaloupe, it is the objective of this research to clarify their effects leading to improving the cultural practices. Field experiment was conducted on Tungsan, Tainan County is the first(spring) crop of 1997.Results indicated that patterns of spectral irradiance measured at the top of row tunnels under different covering plastic sheests were similar to the outdoors, but the amount of irradiance was less.Tunnels covered with the UV-cut plastic sheet had lower irradiance than that of PE plastic ones, and wavelengths shorter than 400nm were filtered out after transmitting through the UV-cut plastic.Different covering materials also changed the air (dry-bulb) temperature measured in row tunnels. The air temperature relative humidity, and soil temperature measured under UV-cut plastic cover was lower while relative humidity and earth temperature had no significant difference between these two coverings. Cataloupe grown in the UV-cut plastic covering tunnels had more bigger leaf and larger leaf area, hence dry weights of leaf and stem were greater than those of PE-covering plants. At harvest, the UV-cut plastic covering thunnels had better yield and lesser irregular fruits than the PE plastic covering tunnels. |
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