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題 名 | 長程傳送黃沙與本地污染之空氣品質監測比較--1995年3月12日至16日資料分析=A Comparison of Air-Quality Data Obtained during a Dust-Storm Event and a Local Pollution Episode-March 12-16, 1995 |
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作 者 | 楊之遠; 李侃翰; 柳中明; | 書刊名 | 環境保護 |
卷 期 | 20:1 1997.06[民86.06] |
頁 次 | 頁1-38 |
分類號 | 445.63 |
關鍵詞 | 黃沙; 本地污染; 空氣品質; 監測; Dust storm; Long-range transport; Local pollution; |
語 文 | 中文(Chinese) |
中文摘要 | 1995年3月12日 ~ 16日期間,臺灣地區曾發生兩次大區域空氣品質惡化事件。其 中 3 月 12 ~ 13 日 (個案一 ), 主要污染物為 PM10,最高濃度 603 μ g/m �艦X現於觀 音詀,而整個事件從發生到消散約持續 10 ~ 14 個小時。3 月 15 ~ 16 日 (個案二 ),主 要污染物包含 PM10 及 CO,PM10 濃度以菜寮 486 μ g/m �蘇偃怜炕A若不考慮交通站,CO 之八小時平均值,亦是以菜寮之 72.9 ppm 為最高, 持續時間則隨地區而不同,大致約 24 ~ 26 小時。本文利用環保署 66 個空氣品質監測站之觀測資料,評估各污染物之污染狀況 ,以及時空分佈情形。再分析氣象局各觀測站之逐時地面氣象資料,板橋與東港之探空資料 ,東亞地區地面測站與船隻之監測資料,以及日本氣象廳每 12 小時分析之東亞天氣圖等, 探討個案形成時之氣象條件,並與國內相關之研究結果相比對。最後利用 ECMWF/TOGA 等熵 面之風場分佈,反求空氣胞軌跡。分析個案一之結果顯示:當大陸黃土高原區所產生之沙暴 系統,受低層強風與高壓系統控制而東移時,所含之沙塵是能夠傳送至臺灣中、北上空;而 從沙暴初生至影響臺灣前後僅需時 2 天。其造成空氣品質不良之特徵包括:PM10 濃度在 3 ~ 4 小時內以倍數躍升、高濃度區在空間分佈為連續且有移動現象、各區最大濃度較平均值 高出 5 ~ 6 倍。 分析個案二之結果顯示:大陸高壓出海後,迴流在華南一帶形成低壓波, 導致臺灣地區風場滯留,使 PM10 濃度大量累積;又配合低、厚且強的地面逆溫層,氣體污 染物亦同時累積。當局地污染累積造成空氣品質不良時,其特徵包括:污染物濃度之增加與 人類活動時間相關、 高濃度區均分佈於人口集中處、各區最大濃度較平均值高出 3 ~ 4 倍 。明顯的,個案一顯示長程傳送黃沙的現象,個案二顯示本地污染的情景,二者僅隔數日即 發生,充份說明每年春季,在適當之大尺度綜觀天氣系統下,臺灣地區需同時注意上游與本 地污染對空氣品質的影響。 |
英文摘要 | During March 12 - 16, 1995, two air pollution events occurred over most of Taiwan. Between March 12 to 13 (Case 1), the major pollutant was PM10. The highest concentration of 603 μ g m-3 was recorded at Kwan-In. This event lasted for 10-14 hrs. Later, during March 15-16 (Case 2), high levels of PM10 and CO was observed. The highest PM10 and CO level of 486 μ g m-3 and 72.9 ppm, respectively, was recorded at Tsai-Laio. In this paper, we have analyzed the air quality data obtained at 66 stations operated by Environmental Pollution Adminstration (EPA). In short, during Case 1, dust transported from the Yellow Ocher Plateau of Mainland China was identified as the major cause, based on a backward air-parcel trajectory analysis and the weather report at East-Asia surface meteorological stations. However, only stations located in the northern and middle part of Taiwan has recorded the event. The basic characteristics were: the levels of PM10 jumped dramatically within 3-4 hrs; the high concentration regions were tightly connected and moved gradually southward; the levels of PM10 were about 5-6 times of the mean level. During Case 2, a stagnant condition and a shallow surface inversion layer, which were associated with a return flow initiated by a high pressure system centered over eastern Japan, were identified as the major cause of the accumulation of PM10 and CO pollutants along the western side of Taiwan. the basic characteristics were: the enhancement of pollutants with respect to time, were highly correlated with the human activity; the high concentration regions were centered in populated areas; the levels of pollutants were about 3-4 times of the mean level. In summary, only under a suitable synoptic condition during spring that pollution events associated with both a long-range transport of dust and a local pollutant accumulation could be observed in Taiwan. |
本系統中英文摘要資訊取自各篇刊載內容。